{"NOAAStudyId":"12258","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2011-10-28","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-12258.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":104,"earliestYearCE":1846,"entryId":"noaa-recon-12258","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Canadian Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO)","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Swiss National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"NCCR-Climate"}],"investigators":"Black, B.A.; Copenheaver, C.A.; Frank, D.C.; Stuckey, M.J.; Kormanyos, R.E.","mostRecentYearBP":-54,"mostRecentYearCE":2004,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12258","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"We demonstrate the potential for developing sea surface \r\ntemperature (SST) reconstructions in the northeast Pacific \r\nfrom combinations of tree-ring and growth-increment chronologies \r\nof the long-lived marine bivalve, the Pacific geoduck. Six Pacific \r\ngeoduck chronologies developed from site along the Washington-\r\nBritish Columbia coast are compared and combined with tree-ring \r\nchronologies from California to Alaska. All chronologies are \r\nannually resolved and strongly relate to local to regional-scale \r\nSST, though differences in the response season as well as the \r\nspectral properties of the two proxies are observed. Both proxy \r\ntypes closely track SST and when used in combination, yield a \r\nmore robust SST reconstruction than tree-ring or geoduck \r\nchronologies could provide alone. In total, variance explained \r\nin SST is 63.9% at the regional-scale and 68.2% at a local scale, \r\nproviding SST estimates for more than 60 years prior to the start \r\nof continuous instrumental records in this region. This study \r\nrepresents one of the few climate reconstructions where both \r\nproxies are annually resolved, and is the first to integrate \r\nregional networks of geoduck chronologies and tree-ring \r\nchronologies. \r\n","author":null,"citation":"Black, B.A., C.A. Copenheaver, D.C. Frank, M.J. Stuckey, \r\nand R.E. Kormanyos. 2009. \r\nMulti-proxy reconstructions of northeastern Pacific sea surface \r\ntemperature data from trees and Pacific geoduck. \r\nPalaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, \r\nVol. 278, pp. 40-47.  doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.04.010 ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.04.010 ","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.04.010 "},"issue":null,"journal":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2009,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Multi-proxy reconstructions of northeastern Pacific sea surface  temperature data from trees and Pacific geoduck","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"52445","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["49.12","-125.98"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-125.98","maxElevationMeters":"-10","minElevationMeters":"-10","northernmostLatitude":"49.12","southernmostLatitude":"49.12","westernmostLongitude":"-125.98"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>North Pacific Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"20599","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>sea surface temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleocean/sclerochronology/east_pacific/nepacific2009sst.txt","linkText":"nepacific2009sst.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"leading principal component of SST","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"leading principal component of SST","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"geoduck layer thickness","cvDataType":"PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>bivalve","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"formation property>formation rate>growth rate"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"geoduck layer thickness; 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Six Pacific geoduck chronologies \nwere developed from sites along the British Columbia coast.  \nTree-ring chronologies from California to Alaska, archived \nin the International Tree Ring Data Bank (ITRDB)\n(http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treering.html), \nwere also used to produce the SST reconstructions.  \nGeoduck growth-increment chronologies were developed \nwith program ARSTAN: \nhttp://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/res/fac/trl/public/publicSoftware.html   \ndetrended using appropriate standardization for each data set \n(cubic splines, negative exponential, or linear regression \nwith negative or 0 slope). The \"standard\" chronology from \nARSTAN is reported.  All growth-increment widths are in mm. \n\nGeoduck samples were live-collected in 2003 and 2004 by the \nCanada Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) Pacific Biological \nStation in Nanaimo, BC for analysis of population age structure.  \nOldest individuals with clearly visible growth increments \nwere selected for chronology development and reconstruction \nof sea surface temperatures.  \n\nTo prepare growth increments for analysis, a single shell \nfrom each geoduck specimen was cut along the height axis \nof the valve through the center of the hinge plate region \nusing a diamond-blade lapidary saw.  The cut surface was \npolished with 600-grit sandpaper and then etched with \ntwo-percent hydrochloric acid.  An impression (acetate peel) \nwas made by pressing the etched surface of the hinge plate \nregion against a piece of acetate film softened with a drop \nof acetone.  The resulting peel was placed between two glass \nslides and viewed through a dissecting microscope using \ntransmitted light.  The hinge plate (inner shell layer) \ngrows at a rate proportional to that of the outer shell layer, \nbut is better protected from erosion and provides the most \ncomplete record possible.  All peel preparation was conducted \nby the DFO.  \n\nSamples were visually crossdated to ensure that all annual \ngrowth increments were assigned the correct calendar year \nof formation.  Under the dissecting microscope at 60X \nmagnification, two to eight overlapping digital photographs \nwere taken with a Leica DC300 7.2 megapixel camera and tiled \ninto a single panoramic image using Image Pro Plus 6.0 \n(Media Cybernetics Inc., Silver Spring, MD).  In Image Pro \nPlus 6.0, growth increment widths were measured along continuous \ntransects that followed the axis of growth.  Each growth \nincrement was delineated at the end of the winter line \n(start of the new growing season), and each peel was measured,  \ntwice for some samples (noted by \"a\" and \"b\" labeling of \nmeasurement time series).  Crossdating at each site \nwas verified using the International Tree-Ring Data Bank \nDendrochronology Program Library (ITRDB DPL) program COFECHA. \nMeasurement time series were standardized in COFECHA using \ncubic splines set at a 50% frequency response of 22 years. \nMeasurement time series were detrended using negative \nexponential functions in the program ARSTAN. \n\nImages are stored at the Oregon State University Hatfield Marine \nScience Center, Newport, OR 97365. Geoduck peels are stored \nat the Pacific Biological Station, Nanaimo, BC.  \n\nPacific geoduck sampling locations. (All water depths 10 to 15 m):\nBartlett, BC, Canada: 49.12ºN -125.98ºW \nBrady’s Beach, BC, Canada: 48.76ºN -125.28ºW \nCape Mark, BC, Canada: 52.13ºN -128.44ºW \nGoletas, BC, Canada: 50.78ºN -127.56ºW  \nTree Nob Islands, BC, Canada: 54.22ºN -130.79ºW \n\n\nTree ring sites used in the SST reconstructions \nFrom the International Tree Ring Data Bank (ITRDB)\nhttp://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/treering.html \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"10320"}