{"NOAAStudyId":"12359","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2011-12-30","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-12359.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1955,"earliestYearCE":-5,"entryId":"noaa-recon-12359","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"European Union","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Project Millennium ","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"CNRS","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"ANR France","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Sicre, M.-A.; Hall, I.R.; Mignot, J.; Khodri, M.; Ezat, U.; Truong, M.-X.; Eiríksson, J.; Knudsen, K.L.; Jacob, J.; Turon, J.-L.; Jansen, E.","mostRecentYearBP":-51,"mostRecentYearCE":2001,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12359","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"A decadal resolution time series of sea surface temperature (SST) \r\nspanning the last two millennia is reconstructed by combining \r\na proxy record from a new sediment sequence with previously \r\npublished data from core MD99-2275, north of Iceland. \r\nThe alkenone based SST reconstruction is validated with historic \r\nobservational data and compared to a new similar temporal resolution \r\nreconstruction obtained from sediment core RAPiD21-3K, in the subpolar \r\nNorth Atlantic. The two SST paleorecords show consistent multidecadal \r\nscale coolings throughout the interval and similar expressions during \r\nthe contrasted climatic periods 'colloquially known' as the Medieval \r\nClimatic Anomaly (MCA) and Little Ice Age (LIA). In order to further \r\nunderstand the temporal and spatial SST variations and investigate \r\nthe influence of natural forcings on the observed SST changes \r\nduring the last millennium, we compare our time series to simulations \r\nusing the Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace IPSLCM4-v2 climate model. \r\nThis comparison highlights the potential importance of volcanism \r\nas a natural forcing driving coherent abrupt cooling events \r\ncaptured in the subpolar North Atlantic records. \r\n\r\n","author":null,"citation":"Sicre, M.-A., I.R. Hall, J. Mignot, M. Khodri, U. Ezat, \r\nM.-X. Truong, J. Eiríksson, and K.-L. Knudsen. 2011. \r\nSea surface temperature variability in the subpolar Atlantic \r\nover the last two millennia. \r\nPaleoceanography, 26, PA4218, doi:10.1029/2011PA002169. \r\n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2011PA002169","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011PA002169"},"issue":null,"journal":"Paleoceanography","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Sea surface temperature variability in the subpolar Atlantic  over the last two millennia","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"52575","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["57.4515","-27.9088"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-27.9088","maxElevationMeters":"-2630","minElevationMeters":"-2630","northernmostLatitude":"57.4515","southernmostLatitude":"57.4515","westernmostLongitude":"-27.9088"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"20745","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>sea surface temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/sicre2011/sicre2011.txt","linkText":"sicre2011.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>sea surface temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/sicre2011/sicre2011.xls","linkText":"sicre2011.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"21-3K-2011","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":-5,"earliestYearBP":1955,"earliestYearCE":-5,"mostRecentYear":1968,"mostRecentYearBP":-18,"mostRecentYearCE":1968,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"RAPiD-21-3K"},{"NOAASiteId":"52581","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["66.551","-17.699"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-17.699","maxElevationMeters":"-470","minElevationMeters":"-470","northernmostLatitude":"66.551","southernmostLatitude":"66.551","westernmostLongitude":"-17.699"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"20733","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>sea surface temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/sicre2011/sicre2011.txt","linkText":"sicre2011.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>organic compound index>alkenone unsaturation index","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>sea surface temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/sicre2011/sicre2011.xls","linkText":"sicre2011.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"2275-2011","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1,"earliestYearBP":1949,"earliestYearCE":1,"mostRecentYear":2001,"mostRecentYearBP":-51,"mostRecentYearCE":2001,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"MD99-2275"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Subpolar North Atlantic 2000 Year Alkenone SST Reconstruction ","studyNotes":"Decadal resolution time series of sea surface temperature (SST) obtained \nfrom alkenone paleothermometry spanning the last two millennia from core \nMD99-2275 located north of Iceland, in the North Altantic polar front. \n\nThe current MD99-2275 age model is constructed using eight geochemically \nidentified tephra layers  [Knudsen et al., 2009, Table 2], \nthe 137Cs peak of maximum nuclear testing in 1963 A.D. and the top \nof undisturbed sediment according to 210Pb measurements. \nThe top of the spliced cores at site MD99–2275 is assumed at \n2006 ± 1 A.D, and estimation of age model uncertainties for the \nrecord has been published [Eiríksson et al., 2011]. \nTemporal resolution ranges from 2 to 4 years. \n\nThis reconstruction extends to the present-day the decadal-scale \nalkenone based SST reconstruction earlier published by Sicre et al. \n[Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 268, 137–142, doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.01.011, \n2008a] and Sicre et al. [Quat. Sci. Rev., 27, 2041–2047, \ndoi:10.1016/j.quascirev. 2008.08.009, 2008b] \nand now includes the 20th century. \n\nOverall, this spliced record combines three sediment sequence \nreconstructions with different coring devices (piston, gravity and box) \nin a highly variable region thus represents a unique regional \nreconstruction benchmark. \n\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"10423"}