{"NOAAStudyId":"12890","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-04-09","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-12890.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":450,"earliestYearCE":1500,"entryId":"noaa-recon-12890","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"ATM0902436"},{"fundingAgency":"US NOAA","fundingGrant":"NA07OAR4310060 and NA10OAR4320137"},{"fundingAgency":"US National  Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR)","fundingGrant":"Weather and Climate  Impacts Assessment"}],"investigators":"Wahl, E.R.; Smerdon, J.E.","mostRecentYearBP":-30,"mostRecentYearCE":1980,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12890","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The performance of climate field reconstruction (CFR)\r\nand index reconstruction methods is evaluated using proxy\r\nand non-informative predictor experiments. The skill of both\r\nreconstruction methods is determined using proxy data targeting\r\nthe western region of North America. The results\r\nare compared to those targeting the same region, but derived\r\nfrom non-informative predictors comprising red-noise time\r\nseries reflecting the full temporal autoregressive structure\r\nof the proxy network. All experiments are performed as\r\nprobabilistic ensembles, providing estimated Monte Carlo\r\ndistributions of reconstruction skill. Results demonstrate that\r\nthe CFR skill distributions from proxy data are statistically\r\ndistinct from and outperform the corresponding skill distributions\r\ngenerated from non-informative predictors; similar\r\nrelative performance is demonstrated for the index reconstructions.\r\nIn comparison to the CFR results using proxy\r\ninformation, the index reconstructions exhibit similar skill\r\nin calibration, but somewhat less skill in validation and a\r\ntendency to underestimate the amplitude of the validation\r\nperiod mean.","author":null,"citation":"Wahl, E.R. and J.E. Smerdon. 2012. \r\nComparative performance of paleoclimate field and index reconstructions\r\nderived from climate proxies and noise-only predictors. \r\nGeophys. Res. Lett., 39, L06703, doi:10.1029/2012GL051086","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2012GL051086","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2012GL051086"},"issue":null,"journal":"Geophysical Research Letters","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2012,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Comparative performance of paleoclimate field and index reconstructions derived from climate proxies and noise-only predictors","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"53024","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["30","55","-130","-95"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-95","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"55","southernmostLatitude":"30","westernmostLongitude":"-130"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"21226","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/wahl2012/readme-wahl2012.txt","linkText":"readme-wahl2012.txt","urlDescription":"Readme","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/wahl2012/SW_NAm_Recon_Grid_1500-1980.nc","linkText":"SW_NAm_Recon_Grid_1500-1980.nc","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree north","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>latitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree east","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>longitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/wahl2012/SW_NAm_Recon_Grid_Uncert_1500-1980.nc","linkText":"SW_NAm_Recon_Grid_Uncert_1500-1980.nc","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree north","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>latitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree east","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>longitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"ensemble member","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/wahl2012/SW_NAm_Recon_Grid_Uncert_1500-1980_mean_sd.nc","linkText":"SW_NAm_Recon_Grid_Uncert_1500-1980_mean_sd.nc","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree north","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>latitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree east","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>longitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"mean","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"mean","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"standard deviation","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/wahl2012/SW_NAm_Recon_MeanT_1500-1980.dat","linkText":"SW_NAm_Recon_MeanT_1500-1980.dat","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"}]}],"dataTableName":"WS2012","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1500,"earliestYearBP":450,"earliestYearCE":1500,"mostRecentYear":1980,"mostRecentYearBP":-30,"mostRecentYearCE":1980,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"West Central North America"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Western North America 500 Year Annual Temperature Reconstruction","studyNotes":"This article presents a tree ring-based reconstruction of western \nNorth America annual temperature over 1500-1980, with 5x5 degree \ngrid cell coverage for the region bounded by 30°-55°N and 95°-130°W.  \nA 1000-member probabilistic ensemble derived by bootstrap methods \nis employed for characterization  of uncertainty.  A key result \nbased on the ensemble methodology is that the most recent decades \nare, at the level of the bi-decadal average, very likely the warmest \nacross the region during the past 500 years.  The reconstruction \nis used in a side-by-side comparison with a parallel reconstruction \ndriven by non-informative predictors that have the same temporal \nautoregressive structure as the tree ring data.  The proxy-based \nreconstruction clearly outperforms the non-informative predictor-based \nreconstruction across a suite of calibration and validation skill measures.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"10954"}