{"NOAAStudyId":"12899","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-04-17","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-12899.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":867,"earliestYearCE":1083,"entryId":"noaa-recon-12899","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Swiss National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Larocque, I.; Stewart, M.M.; Quinlan, R.; Trachsel, M.; Kamenik, C.; Grosjean, M.","mostRecentYearBP":-51,"mostRecentYearCE":2001,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12899","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Determining if temperatures of the last century exceed natural \r\nvariability necessitates the use of high-resolution paleo-\r\nreconstructions extending beyond the instrumental data \r\n(i.e. >150 years). Although syntheses using tree-ring, stalagmite, \r\nand borehole based reconstructions are available, biological \r\nproxies preserved in lake sediments have been neglected as a source \r\nof high-resolution information on climate change. Here, we present \r\na decadal-scale mean July air temperature reconstruction covering \r\nthe past millennium from varved Seebergsee, Switzerland. This \r\nreconstruction is compared to instrumental data at local, regional \r\nand European scales, to another high-resolution chironomid-inferred \r\ntemperature reconstruction from Lake Silvaplana (Switzerland), \r\nto a composite of paleo-climate reconstructions from the Greater \r\nAlpine Region and to various millennial scale climate reconstructions \r\nfrom the northern hemisphere. When compared to local and regional \r\ninstrumental records since ca 1760 AD significant (p < 0.01) \r\nrelationships (rPearson > 0.5) are obtained, suggesting that \r\nchironomids accurately register the changes in temperature \r\nfor the past ca 250 years. At European scale, the Seebergsee \r\nreconstruction correlates (rPearson = 0.40; p < 0.01) with \r\ninstrumental and early instrumental data back to 1500 AD. \r\nOn the millennial time scale, the chironomid reconstruction \r\nof Seebergsee provides a pattern of temperature changes mirrored \r\nby the chironomid reconstruction from Silvaplana (rPearson = 0.44; \r\np < 0.01) and the Greater Alpine Region composite of reconstructions \r\n(rPearson = 0.40; p < 0.01). This includes warmer-than-the-last-\r\ncentury mean July air temperatures (+1.2 °C on average) during \r\nthe end of the \"Medieval Climate Anomaly\" (MCA) and colder-than-\r\nthe-last-century temperatures (-0.5 °C on average) during the \r\n\"Little Ice Age\". Both chironomid reconstructions inferred \r\na warming during the last decades, but this chironomid-inferred \r\nwarming does not exceed the MCA temperatures. This result is not \r\nsingular as many millennial temperature reconstructions in the \r\nnorthern Hemisphere do not show unprecedented warming of the \r\nlast century at local/regional scale. However, the chironomid \r\nassemblages found in Seebergsee and Silvaplana since ca 1950 AD \r\nseem to be unique (i.e. they show unprecedented assemblage \r\ncompositions) for the past 1000 years.","author":null,"citation":"Larocque-Tobler, I., M.M. Stewart, R. Quinlan, M. Trachsel, \r\nC. Kamenik, and M. Grosjean. 2012. \r\nA last millennium temperature reconstruction using chironomids \r\npreserved in sediments of anoxic Seebergsee (Switzerland): \r\nconsensus at local, regional and Central European scales. \r\nQuaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 41, 18 May 2012, pp. 49-56. \r\nhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.03.010 ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.03.010","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.03.010"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2012,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A last millennium temperature reconstruction using chironomids  preserved in sediments of anoxic Seebergsee (Switzerland):  consensus at local, regional and Central European scales","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Little Ice Age (LIA)","Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA)","Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"53036","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["46.1167","7.4667"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"7.4667","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"46.1167","southernmostLatitude":"46.1167","westernmostLongitude":"7.4667"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Western Europe>Switzerland","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"21241","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/switzerland/seebergsee2012.txt","linkText":"seebergsee2012.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"11-year mean (triangular)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>midge assemblage","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jul","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"11-year mean (triangular)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>midge assemblage","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jul","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/switzerland/seebergsee2012.xls","linkText":"seebergsee2012.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Seebergsee2012","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1083,"earliestYearBP":867,"earliestYearCE":1083,"mostRecentYear":2001,"mostRecentYearBP":-51,"mostRecentYearCE":2001,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Seebergsee"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Seebergsee, Switzerland 1000 Year Chironomid Inferred Temperature","studyNotes":"Chironomid-inferred mean July temperature from Seebergsee, \nSwitzerland for the last 1000 years. Data are presented \nwith 11-year triangular filter (presented in fig 4). \n\nSeebergsee, Switzerland:  46°7'N, 7°28'E \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"10963"}