{"NOAAStudyId":"12905","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-04-24","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-12905.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1948,"earliestYearCE":2,"entryId":"noaa-recon-12905","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"European Union","fundingGrant":"EPICA"},{"fundingAgency":"Norwegian Research Council (NCR)","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Miettinen, A.; Divine, D.V.; Koç, N.; Godtliebsen, F.; Hall, I.R.","mostRecentYearBP":-54,"mostRecentYearCE":2004,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12905","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"A 2800-yr-long August sea surface temperature (aSST) record \r\nbased on fossil diatom assemblages is generated from a marine \r\nsediment core from the northern subpolar North Atlantic. \r\nThe record is compared with the aSST record from the Norwegian \r\nSea to explore the variability of the aSST gradient between \r\nthese areas during the late Holocene. \r\n\r\nThe aSST records demonstrate the opposite climate tendencies \r\ntoward a persistent warming in the core site in the subpolar \r\nNorth Atlantic and cooling in the Norwegian Sea. At the \r\nmulticentennial scale of aSST variability of 600-900 yr, \r\nthe records are nearly in antiphase with warmer (colder) \r\nperiods in the subpolar North Atlantic corresponding to \r\nthe colder (warmer) periods in the Norwegian Sea. At the \r\nshorter time scale of 200-450 yr, the records display \r\na phase-locked behavior with a tendency for the positive \r\naSST anomalies in the Norwegian Sea to lead, by ~30 yr, \r\nthe negative aSST anomalies in the subpolar North Atlantic. \r\nThis apparent aSST seesaw might have an effect on two major \r\nanomalies of the European climate of the past Millennium: \r\nMedieval Warm Period (MWP) and the Little Ice Age (LIA). \r\nDuring the MWP warming of the sea surface in the Norwegian \r\nSea occurred in parallel with cooling in the northern \r\nsubpolar North Atlantic, whereas the opposite pattern \r\nemerged during the LIA.  \r\n\r\nThe results suggest that the observed aSST seesaw between \r\nthe subpolar North Atlantic and the Norwegian Sea could be \r\na surface expression of the variability of the eastern \r\nand western branches of the Atlantic meridional overturning \r\ncirculation (AMOC) with a possible amplification through \r\natmospheric feedback. ","author":{"name":"Miettinen, A., D. Divine, N. Koç¸ F. Godtliebsen, and I.R. Hall"},"citation":"Miettinen, A., D. Divine, N. Koç¸ F. Godtliebsen, and I.R. Hall. 2012. Multicentennial variability of the sea surface temperature gradient  across the subpolar North Atlantic over the last 2.8 kyr. Journal of Climate, 25(12), 4205-4219. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00581.1","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00581.1","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00581.1"},"issue":"12","journal":"Journal of Climate","pages":"4205-4219","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2012,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Multicentennial variability of the sea surface temperature gradient  across the subpolar North Atlantic over the last 2.8 kyr","type":"publication","volume":"25"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["PAGES 2k Network","PAGES Ocean 2k","Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction","Meridional Overturning Circulation (MOC)"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"53039","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["57.4515","-27.9088"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-27.9088","maxElevationMeters":"-2630","minElevationMeters":"-2630","northernmostLatitude":"57.4515","southernmostLatitude":"57.4515","westernmostLongitude":"-27.9088"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"21247","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>population abundance","earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>sea surface temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/miettinen2012/miettinen2012.txt","linkText":"miettinen2012.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>diatom assemblage","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>sea surface temperature","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>population abundance","earth science>paleoclimate>paleocean>reconstruction"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/miettinen2012/miettinen2012.xls","linkText":"miettinen2012.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Rapid-21-COM","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":2,"earliestYearBP":1948,"earliestYearCE":2,"mostRecentYear":2004,"mostRecentYearBP":-54,"mostRecentYearCE":2004,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"RAPiD-21-COM"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Subpolar North Atlantic 2000 Year Diatom August SST Reconstruction","studyNotes":"A 2000-year-long (0-2004 AD) August Sea Surface Temperature (aSST) \nrecord with high-resolution. The aSST reconstruction is based on \nfossil diatom assemblages and the weighted averaging partial \nleast squares (WA-PLS) transfer function method. \n\nCore Rapid 21-COM represents a composite of two individual sediment \ncores (Rapid 21-12B and Rapid 21-3K), which were recovered from the \nsouthern limb of the Gardar Drift, south of Iceland, during the RRS \nCharles Darwin cruise 159 in 2004. The age model for core Rapid 21-COM \nis based on 210Pb dating for the 54.3-cm-long sediment box-core \nRapid 21-12B (Boessenkool et al. 2007) and on 14C dating for the \n372.5-cm-long kasten core Rapid 21-3K (Boessenkool et al. 2007; \nSicre et al. 2011). The previously published diatom-based aSST \nrecord from core Rapid 21–12B has 2-yr-average resolution for \nthe last 230 years (Miettinen et al. 2011). Core Rapid 21-3K \nwas sampled continuously at 1.0-cm intervals and analyzed at \n1- to 5-cm intervals with a resolution of 8-10 yr for the interval \nAD 800-1770, representing the highest-resolution diatom SST \nreconstruction from the subpolar North Atlantic for this period, \nand 40 yr for interval 0-AD 800. \n\nComposite core Rapid 21-COM: \n57°27.09'N, 27°54.53'W, 2,630 m water depth","version":"1.0","xmlId":"14265"}