{"NOAAStudyId":"12908","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-05-03","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-12908.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":604,"earliestYearCE":1346,"entryId":"noaa-recon-12908","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Chilean Research Council","fundingGrant":"FONDECYT 1050298 and FONDECYT PDA-24"},{"fundingAgency":"Chilean Ministry of Planning","fundingGrant":"ICM project P04-065-F"},{"fundingAgency":"Argentinean Agency for Promotion of Science","fundingGrant":"PICTR 02-186"},{"fundingAgency":"Inter-American Institute for Global Change  Research","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Christie, D.A.; Boninsegna, J.A.; Cleaveland, M.K.; Lara, A.; Le Quesne, C.; Morales, M.; Mudelsee, M.; Stahle, D.W.; Villalba, R.","mostRecentYearBP":-52,"mostRecentYearCE":2002,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12908","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The Andes Cordillera acts as regional \"Water Towers\" for several \r\ncountries and encompasses a wide range of ecosystems and climates. \r\nSeveral hydroclimatic changes have been described for portions of \r\nthe Andes during recent years, including glacier retreat, \r\nnegative precipitation trends, an elevation rise in the 0° isotherm, \r\nand changes in regional streamflow regimes. The Temperate-Mediterranean \r\ntransition (TMT) zone of the Andes (35.5°-39.5°S) is particularly \r\nat risk to climate change because it is a biodiversity hotspot \r\nwith heavy human population pressure on water resources. In this \r\npaper we utilize a new tree-ring network of Austrocedrus chilensis \r\nto reconstruct past variations in regional moisture in the TMT \r\nof the Andes by means of the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI). \r\nThe reconstruction covers the past 657 years and captures interannual \r\nto decadal scales of variability in late spring-early summer PDSI. \r\nThese changes are related to the north-south oscillations in moisture \r\nconditions between the Mediterranean and Temperate climates of the \r\nAndes as a consequence of the latitudinal position of the storm tracks \r\nforced by large-scale circulation modes.  Kernel estimation of \r\noccurrence rates reveals an unprecedented increment of severe \r\nand extreme drought events during the last century in the context \r\nof the previous six centuries. Moisture conditions in our study \r\nregion are linked to tropical and high-latitude ocean-atmospheric\r\nforcing, with PDSI positively related to Nino-3.4 SST during spring \r\nand strongly negatively correlated with the Antarctic Oscillation \r\n(AAO) during summer. Geopotential anomaly maps at 500-hPa show that \r\nextreme dry years are tightly associated with negative height \r\nanomalies in the Ross-Amundsen Seas, in concordance with the strong \r\nnegative relationship between PDSI and AAO. The twentieth century \r\nincrease in extreme drought events in the TMT may not be related \r\nto ENSO but to the positive AAO trend during late-spring and summer \r\nresulting from a gradual poleward shift of the mid-latitude storm \r\ntracks. This first PDSI reconstruction for South America demonstrates\r\nthe highly significant hindcast skill of A. chilensis as an aridity \r\nproxy.\r\n","author":null,"citation":"Christie, D.A., J.A. Boninsegna, M.K. Cleaveland, A. Lara, C. Le Quesne, \r\nM.S. Morales, M. Mudelsee, D.W. Stahle, and R. Villalba. 2011. \r\nAridity changes in the Temperate-Mediterranean transition \r\nof the Andes since ad 1346 reconstructed from tree-rings. \r\nClimate Dynamics, Vol. 36, Numbers 7-8, pp. 1505-1521, \r\nDOI: 10.1007/s00382-009-0723-4","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1007/s00382-009-0723-4","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-009-0723-4"},"issue":null,"journal":"Climate Dynamics","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Aridity changes in the Temperate-Mediterranean transition  of the Andes since ad 1346 reconstructed from tree-rings","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["ENSO","Palmer Drought Index Reconstruction","Antarctic Oscillation (AAO)","PAGES 2k Network","PAGES LOTRED SA2k"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"53042","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-39.5","-35.5","-72","-68"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-68","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"-35.5","southernmostLatitude":"-39.5","westernmostLongitude":"-72"}},"locationName":"Continent>South America>Chile","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"21251","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>ground water"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/southamerica/andes2011pdsi.txt","linkText":"andes2011pdsi.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"calibration data set: Dai et al. 2004; calibration period: 1960-2000 A.D.; principal components regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring width","cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Dec","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate index>Palmer Drought Severity Index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"calibration data set: Dai et al. 2004; calibration period: 1960-2000 A.D.; principal components regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring width","cvMethod":"principal component analysis","cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Dec","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate index>Palmer Drought Severity Index"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>ground water"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/southamerica/andes2011pdsi.xls","linkText":"andes2011pdsi.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Christie2012","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1346,"earliestYearBP":604,"earliestYearCE":1346,"mostRecentYear":2002,"mostRecentYearBP":-52,"mostRecentYearCE":2002,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Andes Temperate-Mediterranean Transition zone"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Andes Temperate-Mediterranean Transition 657 Year PDSI Reconstruction","studyNotes":"Reconstruction of Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) for the southern Andes \nTemperate-Mediterranean Transition zone (~35.5°-39.5°S) for the past 657 years. \nThe reconstruction is based on a six site network of Austrocedrus chilensis \ntree-ring widths.  ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"10973"}