{"NOAAStudyId":"12996","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-06-13","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-12996.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":897,"earliestYearCE":1053,"entryId":"noaa-recon-12996","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Project Millennium ","fundingGrant":"017008"},{"fundingAgency":"Swedish Research Council ","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Swiss National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"200021-116005/1"}],"investigators":"Trachsel, M.; Kamenik, C.; Grosjean, M.; McCarroll, D.; Moberg, A.; Brázdil, R.; Büntgen, U.; Dobrovolný, P.; Esper, J.; Frank, D.C.; Friedrich, M.; Glaser, R.; Larocque-Tobler, I.; Nicolussi, K.; Riemann, D.","mostRecentYearBP":-46,"mostRecentYearCE":1996,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/12996","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"We present a multi-archive, multi-proxy summer temperature reconstruction \r\nfor the European Alps covering the period AD 1053-1996 using tree-ring \r\nand lake sediment data. The new reconstruction is based on nine different \r\ncalibration approaches and errors were estimated conservatively. Summer\r\ntemperatures of the last millennium are characterised by two warm \r\n(AD 1053-1171 and 1823-1996) and two cold phases (AD 1172-1379 \r\nand 1573-1822). Highest pre-industrial summer temperatures of the 12th \r\ncentury were 0.3°C warmer than the 20th century mean but 0.35°C colder \r\nthan proxy derived temperatures at the end of the 20th century. \r\nThe lowest temperatures at the end of the 16th century were ~1°C lower \r\nthan the 20th century mean. \r\n","author":null,"citation":"Trachsel, M., C. Kamenik, M. Grosjean, D. McCarroll, A. Moberg, R. Brázdil, \r\nU. Büntgen, P. Dobrovolný, J. Esper, D.C. Frank, M. Friedrich, R. Glaser, \r\nI. Larocque-Tobler, K. Nicolussi, and D. Riemann. 2012. \r\nMulti-archive summer temperature reconstruction for the European Alps, \r\nAD 1053-1996.\r\nQuaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 46, pp. 66-79. \r\ndoi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.04.021 ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.04.021","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.04.021"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2012,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Multi-archive summer temperature reconstruction for the European Alps,  AD 1053-1996","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA)","Air Temperature Reconstruction","Little Ice Age (LIA)"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"53073","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["43","49","4","19"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"19","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"49","southernmostLatitude":"43","westernmostLongitude":"4"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"22451","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/trachsel2012/trachsel2012temperature.txt","linkText":"trachsel2012temperature.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period 1901-2000 AD; partial least squares regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period 1901-2000 AD; partial least squares regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period 1901-2000 AD","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period 1901-2000 AD","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period 1901-2000 AD","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY|TREE RING","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period 1901-2000 AD; gaussian filtered; partial least squares regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"filtered","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period 1901-2000 AD; gaussian filtered; partial least squares regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period 1901-2000 AD; gaussian filtered; partial least squares regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY|TREE RING","cvDetail":"filtered","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period 1901-2000 AD; gaussian filtered; partial least squares regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period 1901-2000 AD; gaussian filtered","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"filtered","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period 1901-2000 AD; gaussian filtered","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period 1901-2000 AD; gaussian filtered","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY|TREE RING","cvDetail":"filtered","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period 1901-2000 AD; gaussian filtered","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period 1901-2000 AD; gaussian filtered","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY|TREE RING","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/trachsel2012/trachsel2012temperature.xls","linkText":"trachsel2012temperature.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Trachsel2012","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1053,"earliestYearBP":897,"earliestYearCE":1053,"mostRecentYear":1996,"mostRecentYearBP":-46,"mostRecentYearCE":1996,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Greater Alpine Region"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"European Alps 944 Year Multiproxy Summer Temperature Reconstructions","studyNotes":"Multiproxy summer temperature reconstructions for the European Alps \ncovering AD 1053-1996, based on tree-ring and lake sediment data. \nEight treering and lake sediment based proxies, from four different \nlocations in the Greater Alpine Region, were utilized in the \nreconstructions. Nine different calibration approaches were used \nto reconstruct summer temperatures. The calibration period is 1760-1996, \non JJA mean temperatures averaged over the region 43-49°N and 4-19°E,\nusing gridded temperature data. \n\nGreater Alpine Region: ~43-49°N, ~4-19°E \n\n\nTable 1\nProxies used in this study.\n\n1      Late-wood density    Lötschental (Switzerland)  Büntgen et al., 2006             755-2004       Larix decidua    All\n2      Late-wood density    Tyrol (Austria)            Esper et al., 2007               1053-2003      Picea abies      All\n3      Tree-ring width      Tyrol (Austria)            Büntgen et al., 2005             848-1997       Pinus cembra     All\n4      Tree-ring width      Alpine Arc                 Büntgen et al., 2009             951-2004       Larix decidua    All\n5      Tree-ring width      Dachstein (Austria)        Friedrich unpubl.                900-1996       Larix decidua    All\n6      Blue Intensity       Dachstein (Austria)        Friedrich unpubl.                813-1996       Conifer          1-31; 1-11; 11-31; 31-51\n7      Chironomids          Silvaplana (Switzerland)   Larocque-Tobler et al., 2010     1007-2002                       11-31; 31-51; >31; >51\n8      Biogenic Silica      Silvaplana (Switzerland)   Blass 2007;Trachsel 2010         1181-1949                       11-31; 31-51\n\n\nTable 3\nNumerical methods and error statistics of the nine calibration/reconstruction variants.\n\nName    #Freq.Bands Data Included    #DataSeries Calib.Period   RMSEP°C    r2      Amp/RMSEP ReconPeriod    Freq.band and stat.method w/Fig.3 colour code\nVariant 1     2     Tree-rings             1-6     1776-1981       0.76   0.61       6.44     1068-1981     1-31 (PLSR, Fig. 4d: green) and >31 (PLSR, Fig. 4e: blue); Fig. 4h: grey\nVariant 2     2     Tree-rings and lake    1-7     1776-1981       0.78   0.62       6.19     1068-1981     1-31 (PLSR, Fig. 4d: black) and >31 (PLSR, Fig. 4e black); Fig. 4h: black\nVariant 3     2     Tree-rings             1-6     1761-1996        0.8   0.61       6.26     1053-1996     1-31 (PLSR, Fig. 4d: green) and >31 (PLSR, Fig. 4e cyan); Fig. 4h: cyan\nVariant 4     2     Tree-rings and lake    1-7     1761-1996       0.76   0.62       6.74     1053-1996     1-31 (PLSR, Fig. 4d: orange) and >31 (PLSR, Fig. 4e: orange); Fig. 4h: brown\nVariant 5     2     Tree-rings             1-6     1761-1996        0.8   0.61       6.61     1053-1996     1-31 (PLSR, var stab, Fig. 4d: blue) and >31 (PLSR, Fig. 4e: green); Fig. 4h: pink\nVariant 6     2     Tree-rings             1-6     1761-1996       0.78   0.58       7.18     1053-1996     1-31 (CPS, var stab, Fig. 4d: cyan) and >31 (PLSR, Fig. 4e: green); Fig. 4h: gold\nVariant 7     1     Tree-rings             1-6     1761-1996       0.84   0.48       6.18     1053-1996     None (PLSR; Fig. 4, blue) h:orange\nVariant 8     4     Tree-rings and lake    1-7     1761-1996       0.76   0.66       6.91     1053-1996     1-10 (Fig. 4a, blue)/11-31 (Fig. 4b, blue)/31-51 (Fig. 4c, black; all OLSR) and >51 (PLSR, Fig. 4f, black); Fig. 4h: blue\nVariant 9     4     Tree-rings and lake    1-8     1776-1949       0.76   0.66       7.16     1173-1949     1-10 (Fig. 4a, blue)/11-31 (Fig. 4b, black)/31-51 ((Fig. 4c, blue; all OLSR) and >51 (PLSR, (Fig. 4f, black); Fig. 4h: coral\n\n\n\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"11038"}