{"NOAAStudyId":"13283","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-09-18","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-13283.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":419,"earliestYearCE":1531,"entryId":"noaa-recon-13283","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US Department of Energy","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Pederson, N.; Bell, A.R.; Cook, E.R.; Lall, U.; Devineni, N.; Seager, R.; Eggleston, K.; Vranes, K.J.","mostRecentYearBP":-61,"mostRecentYearCE":2011,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13283","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Six water emergencies have occurred since 1981 for the New York \r\nCity region (NYC) despite: 1) its perhumid climate, 2) substantial \r\nconservation of water since 1979 and 3) meteorological data \r\nshowing little severe or extreme drought since 1970. We reconstruct \r\n472 years of moisture availability for the NYC watershed to place \r\nthese emergencies in long-term hydroclimatic context. Using nested \r\nreconstruction techniques, 32 tree-ring chronologies comprised of \r\n12 species account for up to 66.2% of the average May-August Palmer \r\nDrought Severity Index. Verification statistics indicate good \r\nstatistical skill from 1531-2003. The use of multiple tree species, \r\nincluding rarely-used species that can sometimes occur on mesic sites \r\nlike Liriodendron tulipifera, Betula lenta and Carya spp., seems to \r\naid reconstruction skill. Importantly, the reconstruction captures \r\npluvial events in the instrumental record nearly as well as drought \r\nevents and is significantly correlated to precipitation over much of \r\nthe northeastern US. While the mid-1960s drought is a severe drought \r\nin the context of the new reconstruction, the region experienced \r\nrepeated droughts of similar intensity, but greater duration during \r\nthe 16th and 17th centuries. The full record reveals a trend towards \r\nmore pluvial conditions since ca 1800 that is accentuated by an \r\nunprecedented, 43-year pluvial event that continues through 2011. \r\nIn the context of the current pluvial, decreasing water usage, \r\nbut increasing extra-urban pressures, it appears that the water \r\nsupply system for the greater NYC region could be severely stressed \r\nif the current water boom shifts towards hydroclimatic regimes like \r\nthe 16th and 17th centuries. \r\n","author":{"name":"Pederson, N., A.R. Bell, E.R. Cook, U. Lall, N. Devineni, R. Seager, K. Eggleston, and K.J. Vranes"},"citation":"Pederson, N., A.R. Bell, E.R. Cook, U. Lall, N. Devineni, R. Seager, K. Eggleston, and K.J. Vranes. 2013. Is an Epic Pluvial Masking the Water Insecurity  of the Greater New York City Region?. Journal of Climate, 26, 1339-1354. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00723.1","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00723.1","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00723.1"},"issue":null,"journal":"Journal of Climate","pages":"1339-1354","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Is an Epic Pluvial Masking the Water Insecurity  of the Greater New York City Region?","type":"publication","volume":"26"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Palmer Drought Index Reconstruction","drought"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54002","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["41.4","-74.2"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-74.2","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"41.4","southernmostLatitude":"41.4","westernmostLongitude":"-74.2"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>New York","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"23005","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>ground water"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/northamerica/usa/newyork/ny2013pdsi.txt","linkText":"ny2013pdsi.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"4-month period>May-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate index>Palmer Drought Severity Index"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>ground water"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/northamerica/usa/newyork/ny2013pdsi.xls","linkText":"ny2013pdsi.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"NYCD5PDSI","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1531,"earliestYearBP":419,"earliestYearCE":1531,"mostRecentYear":2011,"mostRecentYearBP":-61,"mostRecentYearCE":2011,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"New York Climate Division 5"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"New York City 472 Year PDSI Reconstruction","studyNotes":"472 Year Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) Reconstruction \nfor New York Climate Division 5, based on a 32-site, 12 species \nnetwork of tree ring data from the New York City watershed \nand Hudson Valley. \n\nNew York Climate Division 5: ~41°N, ~74°W ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"11324"}