{"NOAAStudyId":"13358","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2012-09-27","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-13358.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":600,"earliestYearCE":1350,"entryId":"noaa-recon-13358","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","fundingGrant":"2010CB950104, XDA05080801, 29082762"}],"investigators":"Shi, F.; Yang, B.; Ljungqvist, F.C.; Yang, F.","mostRecentYearBP":2000,"mostRecentYearCE":-50,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13358","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"A new multi-proxy summer (June to August) temperature reconstruction \r\nfor the Arctic region (60 to 90°N) with annual resolution over the \r\npast 1400 yr is presented. The reconstruction is performed using a \r\nnovel ensemble method, Ensemble-LOC, designed to preserve low-frequency \r\nvariability and minimize the influence of the \"spurious correlation\" \r\nbetween the proxy and instrumental data. The reconstruction is based \r\non a set of 22 proxy records with annual resolution.  We find clear \r\nevidences for a cold anomaly AD ~630 to 770 related to the Dark Age \r\nCold Period, a warm anomaly ~950 to 1050 related to the Medieval \r\nClimate Anomaly, and a cold anomaly ~1200 to 1900 related to the \r\nLittle Ice Age. The strong 20th century warming is also evident. \r\nThere are 3 different and distinct warm periods occurring during \r\nthe Little Ice Age: 1470-1510, 1550-1570, and 1750--1770. However, \r\nabout half of the total input proxies are not used in the large \r\nmajority of the reconstructions. We still need additional proxy \r\nrecords from the Arctic region with annual resolution and a strong \r\nresponse to local temperature to further verify the results of this \r\nstudy and in order to investigate possible spatial patterns of past \r\nArctic temperature variability. ","author":null,"citation":"Shi, F., B. Yang, F.C. Ljungqvist, and F. Yang. 2012. \r\nMulti-proxy reconstruction of Arctic summer temperatures \r\nover the past 1400 years. \r\nClimate Research, Vol. 54 (2), pp. 113-128. \r\ndoi: 10.3354/cr01112","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.3354/cr01112","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/cr01112"},"issue":null,"journal":"Climate Research","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2012,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Multi-proxy reconstruction of Arctic summer temperatures  over the past 1400 years","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction","Arctic","temperature"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54080","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["60","90","-180","180"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"180","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"90","southernmostLatitude":"60","westernmostLongitude":"-180"}},"locationName":"Geographic Region>Arctic","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"23060","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/shi2012/shi2012arctic.txt","linkText":"shi2012arctic.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period: 1961-1990 A.D.; calibration data set: MLOST v3b; calibration period: 1880-2000 A.D.","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period: 1961-1990 A.D.; calibration data set: MLOST v3b; calibration period: 1880-2000 A.D.","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":"composite plus regression","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period: 1961-1990 A.D.; smooth: 50 year loess; calibration data set: MLOST v3b; calibration period: 1880-2000 A.D.","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period: 1961-1990 A.D.; smooth: 50 year loess; calibration data set: MLOST v3b; calibration period: 1880-2000 A.D.","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":"composite plus regression","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period: 1961-1990 A.D.; smooth: 50 year loess; calibration data set: MLOST v3b; calibration period: 1880-2000 A.D.","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period: 1961-1990 A.D.; smooth: 50 year loess; calibration data set: MLOST v3b; calibration period: 1880-2000 A.D.","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":"composite plus regression","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period: 1961-1990 A.D.; calibration data set: MLOST v3b; calibration period: 1880-2000 A.D.","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"two standard deviations lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period: 1961-1990 A.D.; calibration data set: MLOST v3b; calibration period: 1880-2000 A.D.","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"two standard deviations lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":"composite plus regression","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period: 1961-1990 A.D.; calibration data set: MLOST v3b; calibration period: 1880-2000 A.D.","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"two standard deviations upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period: 1961-1990 A.D.; calibration data set: MLOST v3b; calibration period: 1880-2000 A.D.","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"two standard deviations upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":"composite plus regression","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period: 1961-1990 A.D.","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/shi2012/shi2012arctic.xls","linkText":"shi2012arctic.xls","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Shi2012","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":600,"earliestYearBP":600,"earliestYearCE":1350,"mostRecentYear":2000,"mostRecentYearBP":2000,"mostRecentYearCE":-50,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Arctic"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Arctic 1400 Year Multiproxy Summer Temperature Reconstruction","studyNotes":"Summer temperature reconstruction based on 22 multi-proxy records \nwith annual resolution, from 60°N to 90°N, over the past 1400 years. \n\nTable 1. Information on the 22 proxy records used. \nexact latitude (Lat.) and longitude (Lon.), type of proxy, seasonality of temperature signal, \ndating error, period covered (year AD) by each record, and reference to original publication. \nSeason: season in which the proxy has been shown to be most sensitive to temperature. \nDelta: dating uncertainty in yr. MXD = tree-ring maximum latewood density; TRW = tree-ring width; \nIC = ice-core d18O; V = varved lake sediments; HI = tree-ring height-increment chronology; \nND: not described\n\n\n\n\nNo. Site             Latitude       Longitude        ProxyType Season              Delta     Period              Source\n1 Torneträsk         68°21’-68°31’N 19°45’-19°80’E       MXD   April to August        ±0     600-2004            Grudd (2008)\n2 Polar Urals        66°52’N        65°38°E              MXD   May to September       ±0     778-1990            Esper et al. (2002)\n3 Gulf of Alaska     55°-62°N       153-131°W            MXD   January to September   ±0     724-2000            D'Arrigo et al. (2006)\n4 Jämtland           63°10’N        12°25’-13°35’E       TRW   June to August         ±0     600-887,909-2002    Linderholm & Gunnarson (2005)\n5 Lapland            69.00°N        25°00’E              TRW   June to August         ±0     600-2005            Helama et al. (2010)\n6 Yamal              67°30’N        70°00’E              TRW   June to July           ±0     600-1996            Briffa et al. (2008)\n7 Avam-Taimyr        72°00’N        101°00’E             TRW   July                   ±0     600-2003            Briffa et al. (2008)\n8 Indigirka          72°53’N        148°15’E             TRW   June to August         ±0     600-1993            Moberg et al. (2005)\n9 Laanila            68°28’-68°31’N 27°16’-27°24’E        HI   June to August         ±0     668-2000            Lindholm et al. (2011)\n10 GISP2             72°6’N         38°5’W                IC   Annual                 ND     818-1987            Grootes & Stuiver (1997)\n11 GRIP              72°58’N        37°64’W               IC   May to October         ±0     600-1979            Vinther et al. (2010)\n12 Dye-3             65°18’N        43°83’W               IC   May to October         ±0     600-1978            Vinther et al. (2010)\n13 Crete             71°12’N        37°32’W               IC   May to October         ±0     600-1973            Vinther et al. (2010)\n14 NGRIP             75°10’N        42°32’W               IC   Annual                 ND     600-1995            Vinther et al. (2006)\n15 Renland           71°27’N        26°73’W               IC   Annual               ±2-20    800-1986            Vinther et al. (2008)\n16 Agassiz           82°42’N        73°50’W               IC   Annual                 ±0     600-1972            Vinther et al. (2008)\n17 Lower Murray Lake 81°21’N        69°32’W                V   July                  ±16     600-1969,1990-2000  Cook et al. (2009)\n18 Big Round Lake    69°52’N        68°5’W                 V   July to September    ±1-20    971-2003            Thomas & Briner (2009)\n19 Iceberg Lake      60°47’N        142°57’W               V   May to June           ±32     600-1998            Loso (2009)\n20 Donard Lake       66°4’N         61°21’W                V   June to August       ±1-20    752-1992            Moore et al. (2001)\n21 Blue Lake         68°09’N        150°47’W               V   June to August        ±12     600-2005            Bird et al. (2009)\n22 Lake C2           82°08’N        77°09’W                V   June to August        ±57     600-1987            Lamoureux & Bradley (1996)\n\n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"11399"}