{"NOAAStudyId":"13674","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2013-01-08","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-13674.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1050,"earliestYearCE":900,"entryId":"noaa-recon-13674","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)","fundingGrant":"NE/B501504"},{"fundingAgency":"Climate Change Consortium for Wales (C3W)","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Project Millennium ","fundingGrant":"017008"},{"fundingAgency":"Swedish Research Council VR","fundingGrant":"VR70454201"},{"fundingAgency":"Royal Swedish Academy  of Sciences","fundingGrant":"FOA09V-063"}],"investigators":"Loader, N.J.; Young, G.H.F.; Grudd, H.; McCarroll, D.","mostRecentYearBP":-58,"mostRecentYearCE":2008,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/13674","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"This paper presents results from the first 1100 years of a long stable carbon isotope chronology currently in development from Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trees growing in the Torneträsk region of northern Sweden. The isotope record currently comprises a total of 74 trees with a mean annual replication of >12, thereby enabling it to be compared directly with other tree-ring based palaeoclimate reconstructions from this region. In developing the reconstruction, several key topics in isotope dendroclimatology (chronology construction, replication, CO2 adjustment and age trends) were addressed.\r\n\r\nThe resulting carbon isotope series is calibrated against instrumental data from the closest meteorological station at Abisko (AD1913-2008) to provide a record of June-August sunshine for northern Fennoscandia. This parameter is closely linked to the direct control of assimilation rate; Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) and the indirect measures; mean July-August temperature and percent cloud cover. The coupled response of summer sunshine and temperature in this region permits a multi-parameter comparison with a local reconstruction of past temperature variability based upon tree growth proxies to explore the stability of this coupling through time.\r\n\r\nSeveral periods are identified where the temperature (X-ray density) and sunshine (stable carbon isotope ratio) records diverge. The most significant and sustained of these occur between c AD1200-1380 and c AD1550-1780, providing evidence for a cool, sunny, two-phase \"Little Ice Age\". Whilst summer sunshine reconstructed for the 20th century is significantly different from the mean of the last 1100 years (P < 0.01), conditions during the early mediaeval period are similar to those experienced in northern Fennoscandia during the 20th century (P > 0.01), so it is the 17th-18th, and to a lesser extent, the 13th centuries rather than the early mediaeval period that appear anomalous when viewed within the context of the last 1100 years. The observed departures between temperature and sunshine are interpreted as indicating a change in large-scale circulation associated with a southward migration of the Polar Front. Such a change, affecting the Northern Annular Mode (Arctic Oscillation) would result in more stable anticyclonic conditions (cool, bright, summers) over northern Fennoscandia, thus providing a testable mechanism for the development of a multi-phase, time-transgressive \"Little Ice Age\" across Europe.","author":null,"citation":"Loader, N.J., G.H.F. Young, H. Grudd, and D. McCarroll. 2013.\r\nStable carbon isotopes from Torneträsk, northern Sweden provide a millennial length reconstruction of summer sunshine and its relationship to Arctic circulation. \r\nQuaternary Science Reviews, Vol. 62, pp. 97-113. \r\nDOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.11.014","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.11.014","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.11.014"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Science Reviews","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Stable carbon isotopes from Torneträsk, northern Sweden provide a millennial length reconstruction of summer sunshine and its relationship to Arctic circulation","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Arctic Oscillation (AO)","Other Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54321","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["68.1","68.3","19.4","20.2"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"20.2","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"68.3","southernmostLatitude":"68.1","westernmostLongitude":"19.4"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Northern Europe>Scandanavia>Sweden","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"23355","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>solar radiation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/isotope/europe/sweden/tornetrask2013d13c.txt","linkText":"tornetrask2013d13c.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"hour per day","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"hour","cvWhat":"earth system variable>energy flux variable>radiative flux variable>surface downwelling shortwave radiation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"scaled 1913-2006; hour per day","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"hour","cvWhat":"earth system variable>energy flux variable>radiative flux variable>surface downwelling shortwave radiation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"hour per day","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"two standard deviations","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"hour","cvWhat":"earth system variable>energy flux variable>radiative flux variable>surface downwelling shortwave radiation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"hours per day","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"hour","cvWhat":"earth system variable>energy flux variable>radiative flux variable>surface downwelling shortwave radiation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"corrected for the decrease in atmospheric δ13C values due to the rise in CO2 caused by fossil fuel combustion since the beginning of the industrialization","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>cellulose>alpha cellulose","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":"one standard deviation","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>cellulose>alpha cellulose","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>number of samples"}]}],"dataTableName":"Tornetrask2013d13c","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":900,"earliestYearBP":1050,"earliestYearCE":900,"mostRecentYear":2008,"mostRecentYearBP":-58,"mostRecentYearCE":2008,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Torneträsk d13C"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Torneträsk, Sweden 1100 Year Tree Ring d13C and Sunshine Reconstruction","studyNotes":"Reconstruction of summer (June-August) sunshine for northern Fennoscandia for the last 1,100 years \r\nbased on carbon isotopes from Scot Pine tree rings from Torneträsk, Sweden. \r\nIITRDB007","version":"1.0","xmlId":"11696"}