{"NOAAStudyId":"14171","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2013-03-28","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-14171.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":950,"earliestYearCE":1000,"entryId":"noaa-recon-14171","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","fundingGrant":"XDA05080801, 29082762"},{"fundingAgency":"National Basic Research Program of China","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"National Natural Science Foundation China","fundingGrant":"40871091"},{"fundingAgency":"Chinese Academy of Sciences West Light Foundation","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"China Meteorological Administration","fundingGrant":"IAM201213, IAM201109"},{"fundingAgency":"Swiss National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"PBBEP2-126056"}],"investigators":"Shi, F.; Yang, B.; von Gunten, L.","mostRecentYearBP":-46,"mostRecentYearCE":1996,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/14171","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"We present the first millennial-length gridded field reconstruction of annual temperature for China, and analyze the reconstruction for spatiotemporal changes and associated uncertainties, based on a network of 415 well-distributed and accurately dated climatic proxy series. The new reconstruction method is a modified form of the point-by-point regression (PPR) approach. The main difference is the incorporation of the \"composite plus scale\" (CPS) and \"Regularized errors-in-variables\" (EIV) algorithms to allow for the assimilation of various types of the proxy data. Furthermore, the search radius is restricted to a grid size; this restriction helps effectively exclude proxy data possibly correlated with temperature but belonging to a different climate region. The results indicate that: 1) the past temperature record in China is spatially heterogenic, with variable correlations between cells in time; 2) the late 20th century warming in China probably exceeds mean temperature levels at any period of the past 1000 years, but the temperature anomalies of some grids in eastern China during the Medieval climate anomaly period are warmer than during the modern warming; 3) the climatic variability in the eastern and western regions of China was not synchronous during much of the last millennium, probably due to the influence of the Tibetan Plateau. Our temperature reconstruction may serve as a reference to test simulation results over the past millennium, and help to finely analyze the spatial characteristics and the driving mechanism of the past temperature variability. However, the lower reconstruction skill scores for some grid points underline that the present set of available proxy data series is not yet sufficient to accurately reconstruct the heterogeneous climate of China in all regions, and that there is the need for more highly resolved temperature proxies, particularly in the Tibetan Plateau.\r\n","author":null,"citation":"SHI Feng, YANG Bao, and Lucien Von GUNTEN. 2012.\r\nPreliminary multiproxy surface air temperature field reconstruction for China over the past millennium. \r\nScience China Earth Sciences, Vol. 55, Issue 12, pp. 2058-2067.\r\nDOI: 10.1007/s11430-012-4374-7","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1007/s11430-012-4374-7","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11430-012-4374-7"},"issue":null,"journal":"Science in China Series D-Earth Sciences","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2012,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Preliminary multiproxy surface air temperature field reconstruction for China over the past millennium","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction","temperature"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54693","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["25","45","70","125"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"125","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"45","southernmostLatitude":"25","westernmostLongitude":"70"}},"locationName":"Continent>Asia>Eastern Asia>China","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"24068","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/shi2012b/shi2012china.txt","linkText":"shi2012china.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"anomalized from 1961-1990 A.D.; calibration data set: CRUTEM3v","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":"composite plus scale","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"anomalized from 1961-1990 A.D.; calibration data set: CRUTEM3v; regularized errors-in-variables","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"anomalized from 1961-1990 A.D.; calibration data set: CRUTEM3v; regularized errors-in-variables","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"unspecified error lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"anomalized from 1961-1990 A.D.; calibration data set: CRUTEM3v; regularized errors-in-variables","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"unspecified error upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"}]}],"dataTableName":"Shi2012China","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1000,"earliestYearBP":950,"earliestYearCE":1000,"mostRecentYear":1996,"mostRecentYearBP":-46,"mostRecentYearCE":1996,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"China"},{"NOAASiteId":"54694","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["25","45","105","125"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"125","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"45","southernmostLatitude":"25","westernmostLongitude":"105"}},"locationName":"Continent>Asia>Eastern Asia>China","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"24067","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/shi2012b/shi2012china-east.txt","linkText":"shi2012china-east.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"anomalized from 1961-1990 A.D.; calibration data set: CRUTEM3v; regularized errors-in-variables","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"}]}],"dataTableName":"Shi2012ChinaEast","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1000,"earliestYearBP":950,"earliestYearCE":1000,"mostRecentYear":1996,"mostRecentYearBP":-46,"mostRecentYearCE":1996,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Eastern China"},{"NOAASiteId":"54695","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["25","45","70","105"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"105","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"45","southernmostLatitude":"25","westernmostLongitude":"70"}},"locationName":"Continent>Asia>Eastern Asia>China","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"24066","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/shi2012b/shi2012china-west.txt","linkText":"shi2012china-west.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"anomalized from 1961-1990 A.D.; calibration data set: CRUTEM3v; regularized errors-in-variables","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"}]}],"dataTableName":"Shi2012ChinaWest","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1000,"earliestYearBP":950,"earliestYearCE":1000,"mostRecentYear":1996,"mostRecentYearBP":-46,"mostRecentYearCE":1996,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Western China"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"China 1000 Year Multiproxy Temperature Reconstructions","studyNotes":" Surface temperature reconstructions for China, by both composite plus scale (CPS) \nand Regularized errors-in-variables (EIV) methods. The reconstruction method is a modified form of \nthe point-by-point regression (PPR) approach, using a small search radius restricted to only one 5x5 \ndegree grid square. Data are reported as temperature anomalies with respect to AD 1961-1990, in degrees C. \nEastern and Western China region EIV reconstructions (divided along 105E Longitude) are also presented. \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"12171"}