{"NOAAStudyId":"14190","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2013-04-10","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-14190.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":550,"earliestYearCE":1400,"entryId":"noaa-recon-14190","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"ATM-0902374"}],"investigators":"Tingley, M.P.; Huybers, P.J.","mostRecentYearBP":-61,"mostRecentYearCE":2011,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/14190","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Recently observed extreme temperatures at high northern latitudes \r\nare rare by definition, making the longer time span afforded by climate \r\nproxies important for assessing how the frequency of such extremes \r\nmay be changing. Previous reconstructions of past temperature variability \r\nhave demonstrated that recent warmth is anomalous relative to preceding \r\ncenturies or millennia, but extreme events can be more thoroughly evaluated \r\nusing a spatially resolved approach that provides an ensemble of possible \r\ntemperature histories. Here, using a hierarchical Bayesian analysis \r\nof instrumental, tree-ring, ice-core and lake-sediment records, \r\nwe show that the magnitude and frequency of recent warm temperature \r\nextremes at high northern latitudes are unprecedented in the past 600?years. \r\nThe summers of 2005, 2007, 2010 and 2011 were warmer than those of all prior \r\nyears back to 1400 (probability P > 0.95), in terms of the spatial average. \r\nThe summer of 2010 was the warmest in the previous 600 years in western \r\nRussia (P > 0.99) and probably the warmest in western Greenland and the \r\nCanadian Arctic as well (P > 0.90). These and other recent extremes greatly \r\nexceed those expected from a stationary climate, but can be understood as \r\nresulting from constant space-time variability about an increased mean \r\ntemperature.","author":null,"citation":"Tingley, M.P. and P. Huybers. 2013. \r\nRecent temperature extremes at high northern latitudes unprecedented \r\nin the past 600 years.\r\nNature, Vol. 496, pp. 201-205, 11 April 2013. \r\ndoi:10.1038/nature11969","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/nature11969 ","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature11969 "},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Recent temperature extremes at high northern latitudes unprecedented  in the past 600 years","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57400","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["45","85","-180","180"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"180","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"85","southernmostLatitude":"45","westernmostLongitude":"-180"}},"locationName":"Geographic Region>Northern Hemisphere","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"24136","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/tingley2013/","linkText":"Tingley 2013 Code and Data","urlDescription":"Data Folder","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/tingley2013/readme-tingley2013.txt","linkText":"Tingley 2013 Readme File","urlDescription":"Data Description","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/tingley2013/tingley2013.zip","linkText":"All Data in Tingley 2013 ZIP file","urlDescription":"ZIP File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"50th percentile","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"percentile","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"non-calendric period>summer","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>land temperature>land surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"5th percentile","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"percentile","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"non-calendric period>summer","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>land temperature>land surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"95th percentile","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"percentile","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"non-calendric period>summer","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>land temperature>land surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"50th percentile; 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smoothed with 9-year Hanning window","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"percentile","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"non-calendric period>summer","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>land temperature>land surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"95th percentile; smoothed with 9-year Hanning window","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":"percentile","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"non-calendric period>summer","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>land temperature>land surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"95th percentile; smoothed with 9-year Hanning window","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"percentile","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"non-calendric period>summer","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>land temperature>land surface temperature"}]}],"dataTableName":"Tingley2013","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1400,"earliestYearBP":550,"earliestYearCE":1400,"mostRecentYear":2011,"mostRecentYearBP":-61,"mostRecentYearCE":2011,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"High Northern Latitudes"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"600 Year Ensemble Climate Reconstructions and Code Package","studyNotes":"Ensemble Climate Reconstructions, input data files, and Matlab Code Package \nfor Tingley and Huybers 2013, Nature 496:201.  Code and data are included \nin compressed Zip file tingley2013.zip","version":"1.0","xmlId":"12191"}