{"NOAAStudyId":"14632","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2013-07-03","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-14632.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":649,"earliestYearCE":1301,"entryId":"noaa-recon-14632","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"National Basic Research Program of China","fundingGrant":"2012CB955600"},{"fundingAgency":"US NOAA","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Argentinean Council of Research and Technology (CONICET)","fundingGrant":"CRN2047"},{"fundingAgency":"Chilean National Commission for Scientific and Technological  Research (CONICYT)","fundingGrant":"15110009"},{"fundingAgency":"Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Li, J.; Xie, S.-P.; Cook, E.R.; Morales, M.; Christie, D.A.; Johnson, N.C.; Chen, F.-H.; D'Arrigo, R.D.; Fowler, A.M.; Gou, X.; Fang, K.","mostRecentYearBP":-55,"mostRecentYearCE":2005,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/14632","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":null,"author":null,"citation":"Li, J., S.-P. Xie, E.R. Cook, G. Huang, R. D'Arrigo, F. Liu, J. Ma, \r\nand X.-T. Zheng. 2011. \r\nInterdecadal modulation of El Niño amplitude during the past millennium. \r\nNature Climate Change, Vol. 1, Issue 2, pp. 114-118, May 2011 \r\ndoi:10.1038/nclimate1086 ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/nclimate1086","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1086"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature Climate Change","pages":null,"pubRank":"2","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Interdecadal modulation of El Niño amplitude during the past millennium","type":"publication","volume":null},{"abstract":"Predicting how the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) will change with global warming is of enormous importance to society. ENSO exhibits considerable natural variability at interdecadal-centennial timescales. Instrumental records are too short to determine whether ENSO has changed and existing reconstructions are often developed without adequate tropical records. Here we present a seven-century-long ENSO reconstruction based on 2,222 tree-ring chronologies from both the tropics and mid-latitudes in both hemispheres. The inclusion of tropical records enables us to achieve unprecedented accuracy, as attested by high correlations with equatorial Pacific corals and coherent modulation of global teleconnections that are consistent with an independent Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction. Our data indicate that ENSO activity in the late twentieth century was anomalously high over the past seven centuries, suggestive of a response to continuing global warming. Climate models disagree on the ENSO response to global warming, suggesting that many models underestimate the sensitivity to radiative perturbations. Illustrating the radiative effect, our reconstruction reveals a robust ENSO response to large tropical eruptions, with anomalous cooling in the east-central tropical Pacific in the year of eruption, followed by anomalous warming one year after. Our observations provide crucial constraints for improving climate models and their future projections.","author":null,"citation":"Jinbao Li, Shang-Ping Xie, Edward R. Cook, Mariano S. Morales, Duncan A. Christie, Nathaniel C. Johnson, Fahu Chen, Rosanne D'Arrigo, Anthony M. Fowler, Xiaohua Gou, and Keyan Fang. 2013. El Niño modulations over the past seven centuries. Nature Climate Change, DOI: 10.1038/nclimate1936. Published online 02 July 2013","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/nclimate1936","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1936"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature Climate Change","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"El Niño modulations over the past seven centuries","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Patterns Reconstruction","ENSO"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54325","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-5","5","-170","-120"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-120","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"5","southernmostLatitude":"-5","westernmostLongitude":"-170"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Eastern Pacific Ocean","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"24679","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>sea surface temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/enso-li2013.txt","linkText":"enso-li2013.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period: 1971-2000 A.D.; calibration data set: Kaplan et al. 1998; principal components regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring width","cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Nov-Jan","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"reference period: 1971-2000 A.D.; calibration data set: Kaplan et al. 1998; principal components regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring width","cvMethod":"principal component analysis","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Nov-Jan","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"}]}],"dataTableName":"Li2013Nino3.4","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1301,"earliestYearBP":649,"earliestYearCE":1301,"mostRecentYear":2005,"mostRecentYearBP":-55,"mostRecentYearCE":2005,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Nino3.4"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"700 Year El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) Niño3.4 Index Reconstruction","studyNotes":"An index of canonical El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability for the past seven centuries, derived from 2,222 tree-ring chronologies \nfrom Asia, New Zealand, and North and South America. The reconstruction targets the prior winter (November-January, NDJ) Niño3.4 index, and covers 1301-2005. \nSST anomalies (SSTAs) are relative to the mean of observed SSTs during 1971-2000.  ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"12613"}