{"NOAAStudyId":"14788","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2013-08-05","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-14788.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":154,"earliestYearCE":1796,"entryId":"noaa-recon-14788","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"CSIRO","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Neukom, R.; Nash, D.J.; Endfield, G.H.; Grab, S.W.; Grove, C.A.; Kelso, C.; Vogel, C.H.; Zinke, J.","mostRecentYearBP":-56,"mostRecentYearCE":2006,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/14788","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"This study presents the first consolidation of palaeoclimate proxy records from multiple archives to develop statistical rainfall reconstructions for southern Africa covering the last two centuries. State-of-the-art ensemble reconstructions reveal multi-decadal rainfall variability in the summer and winter rainfall zones. A decrease in precipitation amount over time is identified in the summer rainfall zone. No significant change in precipitation amount occurred in the winter rainfall zone, but rainfall variability has increased over time. Generally synchronous rainfall fluctuations between the two zones are identified on decadal scales, with common wet (dry) periods reconstructed around 1890 (1930). A strong relationship between seasonal rainfall and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the surrounding oceans is confirmed. Coherence among decadal-scale fluctuations of southern African rainfall, regional SST, SSTs in the Pacific Ocean and rainfall in south-eastern Australia suggest SST-rainfall teleconnections across the southern hemisphere. Temporal breakdowns of the SST-rainfall relationship in the southern African regions and the connection between the two rainfall zones are observed, for example during the 1950s. Our results confirm the complex interplay between large-scale teleconnections, regional SSTs and local effects in modulating multi-decadal southern African rainfall variability over long timescales. \r\n","author":null,"citation":"Raphael Neukom, David J. Nash, Georgina H. Endfield, Stefan W. Grab, Craig A. Grove, Clare Kelso, Coleen H. Vogel, Jens Zinke. 2013. Multi-proxy summer and winter precipitation reconstruction for southern Africa over the last 200 years. 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as used for the reconstructions\nSRZ_proxies_raw: raw (not infilled) but lag adjusted proxy data\nCLIWOC_DJF_SRZ: Time series of CLIWOC/ICOADS wind speed data used for the alternative SRZ reconstructions (See Supplementary Material Section S6).\n \nAlso included are extended ensembles as follows:\nEnsemble of extended documentary data as described in the Supplementary Material (section S2).\nEach file contains 1000 realizations of documentary index time series prolonged to present.\nThere is one file for each region and extension method.\nThe files ending with \"same.txt\" are the ones that were used for the final reconstructions (see SM section S2). \nFrom these files, one time series is sampled as predictor for each of the 3000 reconstruction ensemble members (details see section S4).","version":"1.0","xmlId":"12884"}