{"NOAAStudyId":"14789","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2013-08-19","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-14789.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":877,"earliestYearCE":1073,"entryId":"noaa-recon-14789","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"ARC-0902051, ATM-0211583"},{"fundingAgency":"Swiss National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":" NCCR-Climate, INTEGRAL 121859"}],"investigators":"Anchukaitis, K.J.; D'Arrigo, R.D.; Andreu-Hayles, L.; Frank, D.C.; Verstege, A.; Curtis, A.E.; Buckley, B.M.; Jacoby, G.C.; Cook, E.R.","mostRecentYearBP":-52,"mostRecentYearCE":2002,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/14789","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Northwestern North America has one of the highest rates of recent temperature increase in the world, but the putative \"divergence problem\" in dendroclimatology potentially limits the ability of tree-ring proxy data at high latitudes to provide long-term context for current anthropogenic change. Here, summer temperatures are reconstructed from a Picea glauca maximum latewood density (MXD) chronology that shows a stable relationship to regional temperatures and spans most of the last millennium at the Firth River in northeastern Alaska. The warmest epoch in the last nine centuries is estimated to have occurred during the late twentieth century, with average temperatures over the last 30 yr of the reconstruction developed for this study [1973-2002 in the Common Era (CE)] approximately 1.3° ± 0.4°C warmer than the long-term preindustrial mean (1100-1850 CE), a change associated with rapid increases in greenhouse gases. Prior to the late twentieth century, multidecadal temperature fluctuations covary broadly with changes in natural radiative forcing. The findings presented here emphasize that tree-ring proxies can provide reliable indicators of temperature variability even in a rapidly warming climate.","author":null,"citation":"Kevin J. Anchukaitis, Rosanne D. D'Arrigo, Laia Andreu-Hayles, David Frank, Anne Verstege, Ashley Curtis, Brendan M. Buckley, Gordon C. Jacoby, Edward R. Cook. 2013. Tree-Ring-Reconstructed Summer Temperatures from Northwestern North America during the Last Nine Centuries. Journal of Climate, Vol. 26, Issue 10, pp. 3001-3012. DOI: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00139.1","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00139.1","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00139.1"},"issue":null,"journal":"Journal of Climate","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Tree-Ring-Reconstructed Summer Temperatures from Northwestern North America during the Last Nine Centuries","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction","temperature"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"55250","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["68.65","-141.63"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-141.63","maxElevationMeters":"790","minElevationMeters":"790","northernmostLatitude":"68.65","southernmostLatitude":"68.65","westernmostLongitude":"-141.63"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Alaska","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"24896","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/northamerica/usa/alaska/firth2013temperature.txt","linkText":"firth2013temperature.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on latewood density; 1951–1980 reference period","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring density","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"2-month period>Jul-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on latewood density; 1951–1980 reference period; +/-2sigma uncertainties estimated as the smoothed ensemble standard error of prediction","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"two standard deviations lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring density","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"2-month period>Jul-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on latewood density; 1951–1980 reference period; +/-2sigma uncertainties estimated as the smoothed ensemble standard error of prediction","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"two standard deviations upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring density","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"2-month period>Jul-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Firth River 1236 MXD","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Thelon MXD","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"standard","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Coppermine MXD","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"standard","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"}]}],"dataTableName":"Firth2013temp","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1073,"earliestYearBP":877,"earliestYearCE":1073,"mostRecentYear":2002,"mostRecentYearBP":-52,"mostRecentYearCE":2002,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Firth River 1236"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Firth River Alaska 930 Year Maximum Latewood Density Temperature Reconstruction","studyNotes":"Tree-ring maximum latewood density (MXD) based reconstruction of July-August temperature \nfrom northeastern Alaska from trees samples in the Firth River valley. This series is based on \nSignal-Free (SF) standardization of a maximum latewood density data collection of living \nand subfossil samples. Data are from Figure 7 and 9, Anchukaitis et al. 2013. Summer (July and August) \nweighted mean ensemble Firth River temperature reconstruction smoothed with a 30-year Gaussian filter \nand including +/-2sigma uncertainties estimated as the smoothed ensemble Standard Error of Prediction.  \nReconstructed values are anomalies from the 1951–1980 mean July-August GISTEMP for the Firth River \nthe ensemble methods by their validation \nperiod bias such that more skillful reconstructions receive a larger weight for the ensemble mean.\nThe raw data are archived in the ITRDB as ak132x:\nftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/measurements/northamerica/usa/ak132x.rwl","version":"1.0","xmlId":"12885"}