{"NOAAStudyId":"15534","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2013-11-18","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-15534.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":750,"earliestYearCE":1200,"entryId":"noaa-recon-15534","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)","fundingGrant":"KAKENHI 23710020"}],"investigators":"Kobashi, T.; Shindell, D.; Kodera, K.; Box, J.E.; Nakaegawa, T.; Kawamura, K.","mostRecentYearBP":-60,"mostRecentYearCE":2010,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/15534","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The surface temperature of the Greenland ice sheet is among the most important climate variables for assessing how climate change may impact human societies due to its association with sea level rise. However, the causes of multidecadal-to-centennial temperature changes in Greenland temperatures are not well understood, largely owing to short observational records. To examine these, we calculated the Greenland temperature anomalies (GTA[G-NH]) over the past 800 yr by subtracting the standardized northern hemispheric (NH) temperature from the standardized Greenland temperature. This decomposes the Greenland temperature variation into background climate (NH); polar amplification; and regional variability (GTA[G-NH]). The central Greenland polar amplification factor as expressed by the variance ratio Greenland/NH is 2.6 over the past 161 yr, and 3.3-4.2 over the past 800 yr. The GTA[G-NH] explains 31-35% of the variation of Greenland temperature in the multidecadal-to-centennial time scale over the past 800 yr. We found that the GTA[G-NH] has been influenced by solar-induced changes in atmospheric circulation patterns such as those produced by the North Atlantic Oscillation/Arctic Oscillation (NAO/AO). Climate modeling and proxy temperature records indicate that the anomaly is also likely linked to solar-paced changes in the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) and associated changes in northward oceanic heat transport.","author":{"name":"T. Kobashi, D.T. Shindell, K. Kodera, J.E. Box, T. Nakaegawa, and K. Kawamura"},"citation":"T. Kobashi, D.T. Shindell, K. Kodera, J.E. Box, T. Nakaegawa, and K. Kawamura. 2013. On the origin of multidecadal to centennial Greenland temperature anomalies over the past 800 yr. Climate of the Past, 9(2), 583-596. doi: 10.5194/cp-9-583-2013","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.5194/cp-9-583-2013","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-9-583-2013"},"issue":"2","journal":"Climate of the Past","pages":"583-596","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"On the origin of multidecadal to centennial Greenland temperature anomalies over the past 800 yr","type":"publication","volume":"9"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Arctic","Air Temperature Reconstruction","North Atlantic Oscillation","Arctic Oscillation (AO)"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54951","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["60","82","-60","-20"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-20","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"82","southernmostLatitude":"60","westernmostLongitude":"-60"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>Greenland","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"25499","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/kobashi2013a/kobashi2013gta.txt","linkText":"kobashi2013gta.txt","urlDescription":"Original Data and Full Metadata","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Greenland Temperature Anomaly Plus using Mann et al. (2009) NH","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"normalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Greenland Temperature Anomaly using Mann et al. (2009) NH","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"normalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Greenland Temperature Anomaly using Mann et al. (2009) NH","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"normalized","cvError":"unspecified error lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Greenland Temperature Anomaly using Mann et al. (2009) NH","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"normalized","cvError":"unspecified error upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Greenland Temperature Anomaly 51 Year Running Mean using Mann et al. (2009) NH","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Greenland Temperature Anomaly 51 Year Running Mean using Mann et al. (2009) NH","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"normalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Greenland Temperature Anomaly using Moberg et al. (2005) NH","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"normalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Greenland Temperature Anomaly using Moberg et al. (2005) NH","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"normalized","cvError":"unspecified error lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Greenland Temperature Anomaly using Moberg et al. (2005) NH","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"normalized","cvError":"unspecified error upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Greenland Temperature Anomaly using Moberg et al. (2005) NH","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Greenland Temperature Anomaly Plus using Moberg et al. (2005) NH","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":"normalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"}]}],"dataTableName":"Kobashi2013GTA","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1200,"earliestYearBP":750,"earliestYearCE":1200,"mostRecentYear":2010,"mostRecentYearBP":-60,"mostRecentYearCE":2010,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Greenland"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Greenland 800 Year Temperature Anomalies","studyNotes":"Standardized 800 Year Greenland Temperature and Greenland Temperature Plus Anomalies (GTA and GTP).  \n Greenland temperature variation was decomposed into three factors: background climate (NH); polar amplification \n factor (the ratio of the standard deviations for Greenland and NH temperatures); and regional variability (GTA[G-NH]).  \n For the NH temperature, two proxy-based reconstructions by Moberg et al. (2005) and Mann et al. (2009) were used. \nFor Greenland temperature, we used a recently developed record of the temperature at Summit that was reconstructed \nfrom air trapped in the GISP2 ice core (Kobashi et al., 2010).  Greenland temperatures are found to deviate from \nNorth Hemispheric temperature trend by solar variability, and may relate with the North Atlantic Oscillation Index. \n We calculated a second principal component of the two time series, \"GTP[G-NH]\" (Greenland temperature plus = \nstandardized Greenland temperature + standardized NH temperature). GTP[G-NH] can be used to investigate inphase \nclimate signals in the two time series.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"13337"}