{"NOAAStudyId":"15854","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2014-01-02","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-15854.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":12901,"earliestYearCE":-10951,"entryId":"noaa-recon-15854","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Swiss Federal Office of Education and Science","fundingGrant":"97.0117"},{"fundingAgency":"Swiss National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"5001-044600"}],"investigators":"Heiri, O.; Lotter, A.F.; Hausmann, S.; Kienast, F.","mostRecentYearBP":-41,"mostRecentYearCE":1991,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/15854","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"We developed a quantitative chironomid-July air temperature inference model based on surface sediments from 81 Swiss lakes and applied it to the Holocene subfossil chironomid record of Hinterburgsee, a small subalpine lake in the northern Swiss Alps (present-day mean July air temperature of 11.3°C). After smoothing to reduce the high between-sample variability of inferred temperatures, the reconstruction indicates July air temperatures of 10.4- 10.9°C at the end of the Younger Dryas, of 11.9-12.8°C during the early and mid-Holocene (11500-4000 cal. BP), and slightly lower temperatures of 11.5-12.0°C during the late Holocene (3500-1000 cal. BP). A warming trend inferred for the past millennium is most likely an artifact of human impact on Hinterburgsee's chironomid fauna, rather than a genuine temperature signal. The most prominent climatological events during the Holocene were two periods of lower temperatures at c. 10700-10500 cal. BP and 8200-7700 cal. BP and an abrupt shift to a cooler late-Holocene climate around 4000-3700 cal. BP. Although the chironomid-inferred climate signals were within the prediction error of the model (1.51°C), major inferred temperature changes agree well with other northern and central European climate reconstructions and underline the potential of subfossil chironomid analysis to reconstruct even the moderate climatic changes within the Holocene.","author":{"name":"Oliver Heiri, André F. Lotter, Sonja Hausmann, and Felix Kienast"},"citation":"Oliver Heiri, André F. Lotter, Sonja Hausmann, and Felix Kienast. 2003. A chironomid-based Holocene summer air temperature reconstruction from the Swiss Alps. The Holocene, 13(4), 477-484. doi: 10.1191/0959683603hl640ft","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1191/0959683603hl640ft","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0959683603hl640ft"},"issue":"4","journal":"The Holocene","pages":"477-484","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2003,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A chironomid-based Holocene summer air temperature reconstruction from the Swiss Alps","type":"publication","volume":"13"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction","temperature"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"55784","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["46.7186","8.0686"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"8.0686","maxElevationMeters":"1515","minElevationMeters":"1515","northernmostLatitude":"46.7186","southernmostLatitude":"46.7186","westernmostLongitude":"8.0686"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Western Europe>Switzerland","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"25880","coreLengthMeters":1083,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/switzerland/hinterburgsee2003temp.txt","linkText":"Raw Reconstruction Text File","urlDescription":"Raw Temperature Reconstruction","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"chironomid transfer function based reconstruction","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>midge assemblage","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jul","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>air temperature>surface air temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"chironomid transfer function reconstruction error","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"unspecified margin of error","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>midge assemblage","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jul","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>air temperature>surface air temperature"}]}],"dataTableName":"Hinterburgsee2003temp","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":12901,"earliestYearBP":12901,"earliestYearCE":-10951,"mostRecentYear":-41,"mostRecentYearBP":-41,"mostRecentYearCE":1991,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"25881","coreLengthMeters":1083,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/europe/switzerland/hinterburgsee2003temp-smoothed.txt","linkText":"Smoothed Reconstruction Text File","urlDescription":"Smoothed Temperature Reconstruction","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"transfer function based reconstruction and loess smoothing (span=0.1)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|INSECT|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>midge assemblage","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jul","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>air temperature>surface air temperature"}]}],"dataTableName":"Hinterburgsee2003temp-smoothed","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":12091,"earliestYearBP":12091,"earliestYearCE":-10141,"mostRecentYear":-41,"mostRecentYearBP":-41,"mostRecentYearCE":1991,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Hinterburgsee"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Hinterburgsee, Switzerland 13,000 Year Chironomid-inferred July Temperature","studyNotes":"Chironomid-inferred July temperature estimates for Hinterburgsee, Switzerland for the past ~13,000 years. \nA quantitative chironomid-July air temperature inference model based on surface sediments from 81 Swiss lakes \nwas applied to the subfossil chironomid record of Hinterburgsee, a small subalpine lake in the northern Swiss Alps.\nThe chironomid inferred July air temperature estimated standard error of prediction (Root mean square) is 1.51°C.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"13657"}