{"NOAAStudyId":"16440","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2009-06-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-16440.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":398,"earliestYearCE":1552,"entryId":"noaa-recon-16440","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Inter-American Institute for Global Change  Research","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Saenger, C.P.; Cohen, A.L.; Oppo, D.W.; Halley, R.B.; Carilli, J.E.","mostRecentYearBP":-41,"mostRecentYearCE":1991,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16440","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Sea surface temperature variability in the North Atlantic Ocean recorded \r\nsince about 1850 has been ascribed to a natural multidecadal oscillation \r\nsuperimposed on a background warming trend. It has been suggested that \r\nthe multidecadal variability may be a persistent feature, raising the \r\npossibility that the associated climate impacts may be predictable. \r\nHowever, our understanding of the multidecadal ocean variability before \r\nthe instrumental record is based on interpretations of high-latitude\r\nterrestrial proxy records. Here we present an absolutely dated and \r\nannually resolved record of sea surface temperature from the Bahamas, \r\nbased on a 440-year time series of coral growth rates. The reconstruction \r\nindicates that temperatures were as warm as today from about 1552 to 1570, \r\nthen cooled by about 1°C from 1650 to 1730 before warming until the present. \r\nOur estimates of background variability suggest that much of the warming \r\nsince 1900 was driven by anthropogenic forcing. Interdecadal variability \r\nwith a period of 15-25 years is superimposed on most of the record, but \r\nmultidecadal variability becomes significant only after 1730. We conclude \r\nthat the multidecadal variability in sea surface temperatures in the\r\nlow-latitude western Atlantic Ocean may not be persistent, potentially \r\nmaking accurate decadal climate forecasts more difficult to achieve.\r\n","author":{"name":"Casey Saenger, Anne L. Cohen, Delia W. Oppo, Robert B. Halley, and Jessica E. Carilli"},"citation":"Casey Saenger, Anne L. Cohen, Delia W. Oppo, Robert B. Halley, and Jessica E. Carilli. 2009. Surface-temperature trends and variability in the low-latitude North Atlantic since 1552. Nature Geoscience, 2, 492-495. doi: 10.1038/NGEO552","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/NGEO552","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/NGEO552"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature Geoscience","pages":"492-495","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2009,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Surface-temperature trends and variability in the low-latitude North Atlantic since 1552","type":"publication","volume":"2"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"55896","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["25.84","-78.62"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-78.62","maxElevationMeters":"-4","minElevationMeters":"-4","northernmostLatitude":"25.84","southernmostLatitude":"25.84","westernmostLongitude":"-78.62"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean>Caribbean Sea>Bahamas","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"26569","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>sea surface temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/atlantic/bahamas2009sst.txt","linkText":"Bahamas Coral SST Reconstruction and Extension Data","urlDescription":"Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>extension rate","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"one standard error lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>extension rate","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"one standard error upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>extension rate","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>organism>coral>Siderastrea sp.>Siderastrea siderea","cvMethod":"computed tomography","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter per year","cvWhat":"formation property>formation rate>extension rate"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>sea surface temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/atlantic/bahamas2009sst.xls","linkText":"Bahamas Coral SST Reconstruction and Extension Data","urlDescription":"Excel Data File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Bahamas2009SST","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1552,"earliestYearBP":398,"earliestYearCE":1552,"mostRecentYear":1991,"mostRecentYearBP":-41,"mostRecentYearCE":1991,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Gingerbreads Reef"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Bahamas Coral SST Reconstruction Since 1552","studyNotes":"A low-latitude western Atlantic reconstruction of SST since 1552 \nderived from annual growth variations in the coral Siderastrea siderea \nsampled at Gingerbreads Reef, Bahamas. \n\nUnfiltered Siderastrea extension data determined by CT scan, \nadded in July 2011. ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"14166"}