{"NOAAStudyId":"16442","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"1994-06-21","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-16442.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":18000,"earliestYearCE":-16050,"entryId":"noaa-recon-16442","funding":[],"investigators":"Overpeck, J.T.; Webb, R.S.; Webb, T.","mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16442","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The method of modern analogs and an extensive data base of modern and fossil pollen data were used to generate a new series of paleovegetation maps for eastern North America spanning the past 18 ka. The maps illustrate the continuous nature of climate-induced vegetation change and the development, after about 10 ka, of modern regional vegetation patterns. Before the Holocene, vegetation biomes without modern analogs were widespread in response to climate conditions without modern analogs and, to a lesser extent, to the rapidity of climate change over the last glacial-interglacial transition. This geological perspective suggests that possible future climate changes could force similarly complex changes in natural vegetation, including the development of biomes without modern analogs. ","author":{"name":"Jonathan T. Overpeck, Robert S. Webb, and Thompson Webb III\r\n"},"citation":"Jonathan T. Overpeck, Robert S. Webb, and Thompson Webb III\r\n. 1992. Mapping eastern North American vegetation change of the past 18 ka: No-analogs and the future. Geology, 20(12), 1071-1074. doi: 10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<1071:MENAVC>2.3.CO;2 ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<1071:MENAVC>2.3.CO;2 ","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<1071:MENAVC>2.3.CO;2 "},"issue":"12","journal":"Geology","pages":"1071-1074","pubRank":"1","pubYear":1992,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Mapping eastern North American vegetation change of the past 18 ka: No-analogs and the future","type":"publication","volume":"20"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Vegetation Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"55897","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["23","50","-100","-50"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-50","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"50","southernmostLatitude":"23","westernmostLongitude":"-100"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"26571","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>vegetation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/veg18k/modrnveg.dat","linkText":"Modern Vegetation Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree north","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>latitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree east","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>longitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>ecosystem variable>ecosystem index>biome"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>vegetation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/veg18k/fossveg.dat","linkText":"Fossil Vegetation Data","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|POLLEN","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"radiocarbon year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|POLLEN","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree north","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>latitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|POLLEN","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree east","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>longitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|POLLEN","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>ecosystem variable>ecosystem index>biome"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>vegetation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/veg18k/latlonxy.dat","linkText":"Lat-Long XY pairs","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>vegetation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/veg18k/numberto.veg","linkText":"Vegetation Type Codes","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>vegetation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/pollen/veg18k/readme_veg18k.txt","linkText":"Data Description","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Overpeck1992VegMap","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":18000,"earliestYearBP":18000,"earliestYearCE":-16050,"mostRecentYear":0,"mostRecentYearBP":0,"mostRecentYearCE":1950,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Eastern North America"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Eastern North America 18,000 Year Vegetation Mapping","studyNotes":"These maps are based on 11,700 fossil pollen samples and 1744 modern pollen samples. Twenty-one pollen taxa were included in analyses: Alnus, Fraxinum, Populus, Tilia, Fagus, Betula, Ulmus, Abies, Celtis, Corylus, Tsuga, Carya, Ostrya/Carpinus, Quercus, Pinus, Prairie, Cyperaceae, Picea, Liquidambar, Platanus, and Juglans.\n\nAnalog/no anolog vegetation types were assigned to a 100x100km at 1000 year intervals using a three dimensional, time-space, interpolation scheme. To generate maps the paleocoast line/ocean and Laurentide Ice Sheet were overlain to mask out appropriate portions of equal area grid boxes.\n\nAge estimates are based on uncalibrated radiocarbon dates.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"14168"}