{"NOAAStudyId":"16462","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2003-10-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-16462.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":3429,"earliestYearCE":-1479,"entryId":"noaa-recon-16462","funding":[],"investigators":"Booth, R.K.; Jackson, S.T.","mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16462","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"We reconstructed the late-Holocene surface-moisture history and vegetation dynamics of a raised bog in Michigan using testate amoebae, peat humification, pollen, stomata and plant macrofossils. Our primary objective was to compare bog palaeohydrology with the water-level history of Lake Michigan, and to regional and local vegetation changes. Hydrologic histories inferred from testate amoebae and humification show similar trends, and correspond with records of past water-level variability in Lake Michigan. The bog clearly shows effective-moisture increases during the Algoma highstand (~3200-2300 cal. BP) and a later unnamed highstand (~1900-1300 cal. BP). Some higher-frequency fluctuations are also similar. The good correspondence indicates that bog hydrology and the water levels of Lake Michigan have been driven by changes in large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns for at least the past 3500 years. Climate during the Algoma highstand may have been spatiotemporally complex, with increasing moisture occurring several hundred years earlier in the northern portion of the western Great Lakes basin. Locally, the expansion and contraction of Picea populations on the bog surface was probably directly related to moisture conditions. The well-documented decline in Fagus populations in the central Great Lakes region after 1000 cal. BP is contemporaneous with a major shift towards drier conditions, suggesting that relative dryness caused the decline. ","author":{"name":"Robert K. Booth and Stephen T. Jackson\r\n"},"citation":"Robert K. Booth and Stephen T. Jackson\r\n. 2003. A high-resolution record of late-Holocene moisture variability from a Michigan raised bog, USA. The Holocene, 13(6), 863-876. doi: 10.1191/0959683603hl669rp ","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1191/0959683603hl669rp ","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0959683603hl669rp "},"issue":"6","journal":"The Holocene","pages":"863-876","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2003,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A high-resolution record of late-Holocene moisture variability from a Michigan raised bog, USA","type":"publication","volume":"13"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["hydrology","Other Hydroclimate Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"55903","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["43.6119","-82.8361"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-82.8361","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"43.6119","southernmostLatitude":"43.6119","westernmostLongitude":"-82.8361"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>Michigan","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"26596","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>ground water"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/paleolimnology/northamerica/usa/michigan/mindenbog_2003.txt","linkText":"Minden Bog Testate Amoebae Data and Inferred Water Table Depth","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>testate amoeba>testate amoeba index>total testate amoebae"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"depth at top of sample","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth>depth at sample end"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"calendar year before present","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>testate amoebae assemblage","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydrographic variable>water table depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"biological material>bulk biological material>peat","cvMethod":"spectrophotometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"electromagnetic 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aculeata","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>testate amoeba>identified testate amoeba"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Cyclopyxis arcelloides","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>testate amoeba>identified testate amoeba"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Difflugia globulosa","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>testate amoeba>identified testate amoeba"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Difflugia 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sylvatica","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>testate amoeba>identified testate amoeba"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Hyalosphenia elegans","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>testate amoeba>identified testate amoeba"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Hyalosphenia papilio","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>testate amoeba>identified testate amoeba"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Hyalosphenia subflava","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>testate amoeba>identified testate amoeba"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Trigonopyxis arcula","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>testate amoeba>identified testate amoeba"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Trigonopyxis minuta","cvDataType":"PALEOLIMNOLOGY","cvDetail":"raw","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"biological material>organism>testate amoeba>identified testate amoeba"}]}],"dataTableName":"Minden2003WaterTable","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":3429,"earliestYearBP":3429,"earliestYearCE":-1479,"mostRecentYear":-50,"mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Minden Bog"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Minden Bog, Michigan 3500 Year Testate Amoebae Water Table Depth","studyNotes":"Testate amoebae data from Minden Bog, Michigan, and reconstruction\nof water table depth at the bog.  Minden Bog is a raised bog located in lower Michigan, USA.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"14189"}