{"NOAAStudyId":"16975","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2014-07-23","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-16975.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1967,"earliestYearCE":-17,"entryId":"noaa-recon-16975","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Mainz Geocycles Excellence Cluster","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Esper, J.; Düthorn, E.; Krusic, P.J.; Timonen, M.; Büntgen, U.","mostRecentYearBP":-56,"mostRecentYearCE":2006,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/16975","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Tree-ring chronologies of maximum latewood density are most suitable to reconstruct annually resolved summer temperature variations of the late Holocene. The two longest such chronologies have been developed in northern Europe stretching back to the 2nd century BC, and the 5th century AD. We show where similarities between the two chronologies exist, and combine portions of both into a new summer temperature reconstruction for the Common Era. To minimize the transfer of potential biases, we assess the contribution of the candidate reconstructions' measurements, and exclude data (i) from exceptionally young and old trees, and (ii) produced by different laboratory technologies. Our new composite reconstruction reveals warmer conditions during Roman, Medieval and recent times, separated by prolonged cooling during the Migration period and Little Ice Age. Twentieth century warmth, as indicated in one of the existing density records, is reduced in the new reconstruction, also affecting the overall, millennial-scale, cooling trend over the late Holocene (-0.30C per 1000 years). Due to the reduced biological memory, typical for tree-ring density measurements, the new reconstruction is most suitable for evaluating the rate and speed of abrupt summer cooling following large volcanic eruptions.","author":{"name":"Jan Esper, Elisabeth Düthorn, Paul J. Krusic, Mauri Timonen, and Ulf Büntgen"},"citation":"Jan Esper, Elisabeth Düthorn, Paul J. Krusic, Mauri Timonen, and Ulf Büntgen. 2014. Northern European summer temperature variations over the Common Era from integrated tree-ring density records. Journal of Quaternary Science, 29(5), 487-494. doi: 10.1002/jqs.2726","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1002/jqs.2726","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.2726"},"issue":"5","journal":"Journal of Quaternary Science","pages":"487-494","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2014,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Northern European summer temperature variations over the Common Era from integrated tree-ring density records","type":"publication","volume":"29"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["temperature","Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56255","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["50","70","5","30"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"30","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"70","southernmostLatitude":"50","westernmostLongitude":"5"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Northern Europe","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"27201","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/europe/northerneurope2014temperature.txt","linkText":"Northern European 2000 Year Summer Temperature Reconstruction","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on latewood density","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring density","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"}]}],"dataTableName":"Esper2014NEuropeTemp","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":-17,"earliestYearBP":1967,"earliestYearCE":-17,"mostRecentYear":2006,"mostRecentYearBP":-56,"mostRecentYearCE":2006,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Northern Europe"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Northern European 2000 Year Summer Temperature Reconstruction","studyNotes":"Summer temperature reconstruction based on integrated tree-ring maximum density (MXD) data sets of Nscan (Esper et al. 2012) and Torneträsk (Schweingruber et al. 1988)","version":"1.0","xmlId":"14681"}