{"NOAAStudyId":"17013","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2014-09-19","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-17013.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":522,"earliestYearCE":1428,"entryId":"noaa-recon-17013","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"1130125"},{"fundingAgency":"US NOAA","fundingGrant":"Fisheries and the Environment (FATE)"}],"investigators":"Black, B.A.; Sydeman, W.J.; Frank, D.C.; Griffin, D.; Stahle, D.W.; García-Reyes, M.; Rykaczewski, R.R.; Bograd, S.J.; Peterson, W.T.","mostRecentYearBP":-53,"mostRecentYearCE":2003,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17013","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Reported trends in the mean and variability of coastal upwelling in eastern boundary currents have raised concerns about the future of these highly productive and biodiverse marine ecosystems. However, the instrumental records on which these estimates are based are insufficiently long to determine whether such trends exceed preindustrial limits. In the California Current, a 576-year reconstruction of climate variables associated with winter upwelling indicates that variability increased over the latter 20th century to levels equaled only twice during the past 600 years. This modern trend in variance may be unique, because it appears to be driven by an unprecedented succession of extreme, downwelling-favorable, winter climate conditions that profoundly reduce productivity for marine predators of commercial and conservation interest. ","author":{"name":"Bryan A. Black, William J. Sydeman, David C. Frank, Daniel Griffin, David W. Stahle, Marisol García-Reyes, Ryan R. Rykaczewski, Steven J. Bograd, William T. Peterson\r\n"},"citation":"Bryan A. Black, William J. Sydeman, David C. Frank, Daniel Griffin, David W. Stahle, Marisol García-Reyes, Ryan R. Rykaczewski, Steven J. Bograd, William T. Peterson\r\n. 2014. Six centuries of variability and extremes in a coupled marine-terrestrial ecosystem. Science, 345, 6203, 1498-1502. doi: 10.1126/science.1253209","edition":"6203","identifier":{"id":"10.1126/science.1253209","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1253209"},"issue":null,"journal":"Science","pages":"1498-1502","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2014,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Six centuries of variability and extremes in a coupled marine-terrestrial ecosystem","type":"publication","volume":"345"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Patterns Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56259","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["36","39","-124","-121"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-121","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"39","southernmostLatitude":"36","westernmostLongitude":"-124"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of 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