{"NOAAStudyId":"17056","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2014-08-18","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-17056.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":4524,"earliestYearCE":-2574,"entryId":"noaa-recon-17056","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"ATM-090227, ATM-1203749"}],"investigators":"Salzer, M.W.; Bunn, A.; Graham, N.E.; Hughes, M.K.","mostRecentYearBP":-56,"mostRecentYearCE":2006,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17056","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The instrumental temperature record is of insufficient length to fully express the natural variability of past temperature. High elevation tree-ring widths from Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) are a particularly useful proxy to infer temperatures prior to the instrumental record in that the tree-rings are annually dated and extend for millennia. From ring-width measurements integrated with past treeline elevation data we infer decadal- to millennial-scale temperature variability over the past 4,500 years for the Great Basin, USA. We find that twentieth century treeline advances are greater than in at least 4,000 years. There is also evidence for substantial volcanic forcing of climate in the preindustrial record and considerable covariation between high elevation tree-ring widths and temperature estimates from an atmosphere-ocean general circulation model over much of the last millennium. A long-term temperature decline of ~-1.1 °C since the mid-Holocene underlies substantial volcanic forcing of climate in the preindustrial record.","author":{"name":"Matthew W. Salzer, Andrew G. Bunn, Nicholas E. Graham, Malcolm K. Hughes"},"citation":"Matthew W. Salzer, Andrew G. Bunn, Nicholas E. Graham, Malcolm K. Hughes. 2013. Five millennia of paleotemperature from tree-rings in the Great Basin, USA. Climate Dynamics, 42(5-6), 1517-1526. doi: 10.1007/s00382-013-1911-9","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1007/s00382-013-1911-9","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-013-1911-9"},"issue":"5-6","journal":"Climate Dynamics","pages":"1517-1526","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Five millennia of paleotemperature from tree-rings in the Great Basin, USA","type":"publication","volume":"42"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56269","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["35","41","-119","-114"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-114","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"41","southernmostLatitude":"35","westernmostLongitude":"-119"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"27336","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/northamerica/usa/great-basin2013temp.txt","linkText":"Great Basin 4500 Year Summer Temperature Reconstruction","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"millennial-scale trend adjustment for the preindustrial period of 2575 BC to AD 1328 was then applied by adding a negative trend of 1.102C based on empirical data from treeline elevation change","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jul-Sep","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"millennial-scale trend adjustment for the preindustrial period of 2575 BC to AD 1328 was then applied by adding a negative trend of 1.102C based on empirical data from treeline elevation change","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"detrended","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jul-Sep","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"millennial-scale trend adjustment for the preindustrial period of 2575 BC to AD 1328 was then applied by adding a negative trend of 1.102C based on empirical data from treeline elevation change","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"one root mean square error lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jul-Sep","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"millennial-scale trend adjustment for the preindustrial period of 2575 BC to AD 1328 was then applied by adding a negative trend of 1.102C based on empirical data from treeline elevation change","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"detrended","cvError":"one root mean square error lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jul-Sep","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"millennial-scale trend adjustment for the preindustrial period of 2575 BC to AD 1328 was then applied by adding a negative trend of 1.102C based on empirical data from treeline elevation change","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"one root mean square error upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jul-Sep","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"millennial-scale trend adjustment for the preindustrial period of 2575 BC to AD 1328 was then applied by adding a negative trend of 1.102C based on empirical data from treeline elevation change","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"detrended","cvError":"one root mean square error upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jul-Sep","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"}]}],"dataTableName":"GreatBasin2013Temp","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":-2574,"earliestYearBP":4524,"earliestYearCE":-2574,"mostRecentYear":2006,"mostRecentYearBP":-56,"mostRecentYearCE":2006,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Great Basin"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Great Basin, USA 4500 Year Summer Temperature Reconstruction","studyNotes":"4,500 year scaled summer paleotemperature reconstruction for the Great Basin, USA, based on three high elevation tree-ring collections of Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva).  The GB3rwi tree-ring chronology is based on 3 P. longaeva collections: (1) Sheep Mountain, White Mountains, CA (SHP, 37.52 N. lat., 118.20 W. long.); (2) Mt. Washington, Snake Range, NV (MWA, 38.91 N. lat., 114.31 W. long.); and (3) Pearl Peak, Ruby Mountains, NV (PRL, 40.23 N. lat., 115.54 W. long.). Temperature anomalies were computed based on the AD 1000-1990 July-September mean of 20.32C 'near surface' from the ERIK2 model. A millennial-scale trend adjustment for the preindustrial period of 2575 BC to AD 1328 was then applied by adding a negative trend of 1.102C based on empirical data from treeline elevation change. There were no adjustments made to the period after AD 1328.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"14742"}