{"NOAAStudyId":"17369","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2014-10-27","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-17369.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1054,"earliestYearCE":896,"entryId":"noaa-recon-17369","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"National Basic Research Program of China","fundingGrant":"2010CB950400"},{"fundingAgency":"National Natural Science Foundation China","fundingGrant":"41301220, 41030961"}],"investigators":"Shi, F.; Li, J.; Wilson, R.J.S.","mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17369","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) is a major atmospheric synoptic climate system affecting nearly a quarter of the human population. Climate proxy data derived from tree rings, ice cores, speleothems, and other sources can all contribute to an understanding of SASM variability prior to instrumental period. Here, we develop an optimal information extraction (OIE) method, which we use to reconstruct the SASM index (SASMI) over the last millennium using 15 tree-ring chronologies. The record generated is significantly correlated (r = 0.7, p < 0.01) with the instrumental SASMI record on annual timescales; this correlation is higher than that obtained in any previous study. The reconstructed SASMI captures 18 of 26 (69%) reordered historical famine events in India over the last millennium; notably, 11 of 16 short events with durations of 1-3 years are accurately depicted in our reconstruction. Moreover, the reconstructed SASMI is positively correlated with variations in total solar irradiance (TSI) on multi-decadal timescales implying that variations in solar activity may influence the SASM. Based on the response of SASM to 34 significant volcanic events using the superposed epoch analysis, the volcanic forcing may drive a weak SASM in the second year of an eruption.","author":{"name":"Feng Shi, Jianping Li, and Rob J. S. Wilson"},"citation":"Feng Shi, Jianping Li, and Rob J. S. Wilson. 2014. A tree-ring reconstruction of the South Asian summer monsoon index over the past millennium. Scientific Reports, 4, 6739. doi: 10.1038/srep06739","edition":"6739","identifier":{"id":"10.1038/srep06739","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep06739"},"issue":null,"journal":"Scientific Reports","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2014,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A tree-ring reconstruction of the South Asian summer monsoon index over the past millennium","type":"publication","volume":"4"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Monsoon","PAGES Asia 2k","Other Hydroclimate Reconstruction","Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Patterns Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56317","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["5","22.5","35","97.5"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"97.5","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"22.5","southernmostLatitude":"5","westernmostLongitude":"35"}},"locationName":"Continent>Asia>Southern Asia","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"27620","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>atmospheric circulation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/asia/shi2014sasmi.txt","linkText":"South Asian Summer Monsoon Index Reconstruction","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"simple linear regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>mode-of-variability variable>South Asian Summer Monsoon Index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"simple linear regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"unspecified error lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>mode-of-variability variable>South Asian Summer Monsoon Index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"simple linear regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"unspecified error upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>mode-of-variability variable>South Asian Summer Monsoon Index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Matching variance","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>mode-of-variability variable>South Asian Summer Monsoon Index"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>atmospheric circulation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/asia/shi2014sasmi.xls","linkText":"South Asian Summer Monsoon Index Reconstruction","urlDescription":"Excel Data File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Shi2014SASMI","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":896,"earliestYearBP":1054,"earliestYearCE":896,"mostRecentYear":2000,"mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"South Asia"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"South Asian Summer Monsoon Index 1000 Year Reconstruction","studyNotes":"Reconstruction of the the South Asian Summer Monsoon Index (SASMI) over the last millennium based on 15 tree-ring chronologies.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"15046"}