{"NOAAStudyId":"17475","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2014-11-26","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-17475.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1946,"earliestYearCE":4,"entryId":"noaa-recon-17475","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Research Council of Norway","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"European Commission","fundingGrant":"PACLIVA Project"},{"fundingAgency":"NORPAST-II project","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Norwegian Polar Institute","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Berner, K.S.; Koç, N.; Godtliebsen, F.; Divine, D.V.","mostRecentYearBP":-45,"mostRecentYearCE":1995,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17475","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"A high-resolution sediment core from the Vøring Plateau has been studied to document the centennial to millennial variability of the surface water conditions during the Holocene Climate Optimum (HCO) and the late Holocene period (LHP) in order to evaluate the effects of solar insolation on surface ocean climatology. Quantitative August summer sea surface temperatures (SSSTs) with a time resolution of 2–40 years are reconstructed by using three different diatom transfer function methods. Spectral- and scale-space methods are applied to the records to explore the variability present in the time series at different time scales. The SSST development in core MD95-2011 shows a delayed response to Northern Hemisphere maximum summer insolation at ca. 11,000 years B.P. The record shows the maximum SSST of the HCO to be from 7.3 to 8.9 kyr B.P., which implies that the site was located in the regional warm water pool removed from the oceanic fronts and Arctic waters. Superimposed on the general cooling trendare higher-frequency variabilities at time scales of 80–120, 210–320, 320–640, and 640–1280 years. The climate variations at the time scale of 320–640 years are documented both for periods of high and low solar orbital insolation. We found evidence that the submillennial-scale mode of variability (640–900 years) in SSST evident during the LHP is directly associated with varying solar forcing. At the shorter scale of 260–450 years, the SSST during the LHP displays a lagged response to solar forcing with a phase-locked behavior indicating the existence of a feedback mechanism in the climate system triggered by variations in the solar constant as well as the role of the thermal inertia of the ocean. The abruptness of the cooling events in the LHP, especially pronounced during the onsets of the Holocene Cold Period I (approximately 2300 years B.P.) and the Little Ice Age (approximately 550 years B.P.), can be explained by a shutdown of deep convection in the Nordic Seas in response to negative solar insolation anomalies. These cooling events are on the order of 1.5°C.","author":{"name":"Berner, K.S., N. Koç, F. Godtliebsen, and D. Divine"},"citation":"Berner, K.S., N. Koç, F. Godtliebsen, and D. Divine. 2011. Holocene climate variability of the Norwegian Atlantic Current during high and low solar insolation forcing. Paleoceanography, 26, PA2220. doi: 10.1029/2010PA002002","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2010PA002002","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010PA002002"},"issue":null,"journal":"Paleoceanography","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":"PA2220","title":"Holocene climate variability of the Norwegian Atlantic Current during high and low solar insolation forcing","type":"publication","volume":"26"},{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Miettinen A., D. Divine, N. Koç, F. Godtliebsen, and I.R. Hall"},"citation":"Miettinen A., D. Divine, N. Koç, F. Godtliebsen, and I.R. Hall. 2012. Multicentennial variability of the sea surface temperature gradient across the Subpolar North Atlantic over the last 2.8 kyr. Journal of Climate, 25, 4205-4219. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00581.1","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00581.1","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-11-00581.1"},"issue":null,"journal":"Journal of Climate","pages":"4205-4219","pubRank":"2","pubYear":2012,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Multicentennial variability of the sea surface temperature gradient across the Subpolar North Atlantic over the last 2.8 kyr","type":"publication","volume":"25"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54710","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["66.97","7.64"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"7.64","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"66.97","southernmostLatitude":"66.97","westernmostLongitude":"7.64"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean>Norwegian Sea","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"27754","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>sea surface temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/berner2011/berner2011.txt","linkText":"CR 948/2011 Data","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"depth variable>depth"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"weighted-averaging partial least-squares regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>diatom assemblage","cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"}]}],"dataTableName":"CR 948/2011 SST Berner11","dataTableNotes":"The composite core CR 948/2011 consists of the calypso core MD95-2011 (1048m depth and 17.49m long) and the boxcore JM97-948/2A (1020m depth and 31cm long).","earliestYear":4,"earliestYearBP":1946,"earliestYearCE":4,"mostRecentYear":1995,"mostRecentYearBP":-45,"mostRecentYearCE":1995,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Vøring Plateau"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Norwegian Sea Diatom SST Reconstruction for the last 2,000 Years","studyNotes":"A 2000-year-long diatom inferred August sea surface temperature reconstruction, with 2-13 year resolution, from marine sediment core CR 948/2011 from the Vøring Plateau, Norwegian Sea. The composite core CR 948/2011 consists of the calypso core MD95-2011 and the boxcore JM97-948/2A. A modern training set consisting of 139 surface samples with 52 diatom species from the Nordic Seas and the North Atlantic was utilized to convert downcore diatom counts to quantitative August SST using the weighted averaging partial least squares (WA-PLS) transfer function method.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"15156"}