{"NOAAStudyId":"17615","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2014-12-10","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-17615.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":496,"earliestYearCE":1454,"entryId":"noaa-recon-17615","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Swiss National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"100011-120157"}],"investigators":"Wetter, O.; Pfister, C.","mostRecentYearBP":-20,"mostRecentYearCE":1970,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17615","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"This paper presents a unique 517-yr long documentary data-based reconstruction of spring-summer (MAMJJ) temperatures for northern Switzerland and south-western Germany from 1454 to 1970. It is composed of 25 partial series of winter grain (secale cereale) harvest starting dates (WGHD) that are partly based on harvest related bookkeeping of institutions (hospitals, municipalities), partly on (early) phenological observations. The resulting main Basel WGHD series was homogenised with regard to dating style, data type and altitude. The calibration and verification approach was applied using the homogenous HISTALP temperature series from 1774-1824 for calibration (r = 0.78) and from 1920-1970 for verification (r = 0.75). The latter result even suffers from the weak data base available for 1870-1950. Temperature reconstructions based on WGHD are more influenced by spring temperatures than those based on grape harvest dates (GHD), because rye in contrast to vines already begins to grow as soon as sunlight brings the plant to above freezing. The earliest and latest harvest dates were checked for consistency with narrative documentary weather reports. Comparisons with other European documentary-based GHD and WGHD temperature reconstructions generally reveal significant correlations decreasing with the distance from Switzerland. The new Basel WGHD series shows better skills in representing highly climate change sensitive variations of Swiss Alpine glaciers than available GHD series.","author":{"name":"O. Wetter and C. Pfister"},"citation":"O. Wetter and C. Pfister. 2011. Spring-summer temperatures reconstructed for northern Switzerland and southwestern Germany from winter rye harvest dates, 1454-1970. Climate of the Past, 70(4), 1307-1326. doi: 10.5194/cp-7-1307-2011","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.5194/cp-7-1307-2011","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-7-1307-2011"},"issue":"4","journal":"Climate of the Past","pages":"1307-1326","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Spring-summer temperatures reconstructed for northern Switzerland and southwestern Germany from winter rye harvest dates, 1454-1970","type":"publication","volume":"70"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56404","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["47","48.5","7","10"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"10","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"48.5","southernmostLatitude":"47","westernmostLongitude":"7"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Western Europe","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"27934","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/switzerland/swiss-summer-temp2011.txt","linkText":"Swiss Grain Harvest Date Spring/Summer Temperature Reconstruction","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"5-month period>Mar-Jul","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"gregorian calendar","cvDataType":"HISTORICAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"non-calendric period>winter","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"day of year","cvWhat":"earth system variable>ecosystem variable>ecosystem phenomenon>phenological event>grain harvest date"}]}],"dataTableName":"Swiss2011temp","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1454,"earliestYearBP":496,"earliestYearCE":1454,"mostRecentYear":1970,"mostRecentYearBP":-20,"mostRecentYearCE":1970,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Northern Switzerland/Southwest Germany"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Swiss 517 Year Grain Harvest Date Spring/Summer Temperature Reconstruction","studyNotes":"517-yr long reconstruction of spring-summer (MAMJJ) temperatures from documentary-based winter rye (secale cereale) harvest starting dates covering the period from 1454 to 1970.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"15297"}