{"NOAAStudyId":"18015","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2015-02-23","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-18015.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":23000,"earliestYearCE":-21050,"entryId":"noaa-recon-18015","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"AGS1203701"}],"investigators":"Oster, J.L.; Ibarra, D.E.; Winnick, M.J.; Maher, K.","mostRecentYearBP":19000,"mostRecentYearCE":-17050,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18015","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The hydroclimate history of North America includes the formation and desiccation of large inland lakes and the growth and ablation of glaciers throughout the Quaternary period. At the Last Glacial Maximum, expanded pluvial lakes in the south and aridity in the northwest suggest that the winter westerly storm track was displaced southwards and migrated northwards as the Laurentide Ice Sheet waned. However, lake highstands do not occur synchronously along zonal bands, in  conflict with this hypothesis. Here we compile a network of precipitation proxy reconstructions from lakes, speleothems, groundwater deposits, pack rat middens and glaciers from the western and southwestern US, which we compare with an ensemble of climate simulations to identify the controls  of regional hydroclimatic change. The proxy records suggest a precipitation dipole during the Last Glacial Maximum, with wetter than modern conditions in the southwest and drier conditions near the ice sheet, and a northwest-southeast trending transition zone across the northern Great Basin. The models that simulate a weaker and south-shifted Aleutian low-pressure system, a strong North Pacific high-pressure system, and a high above the ice sheet best reproduce this regional variation. We therefore conclude that rather than a uniformly south-shifted storm track, a stronger jet that is squeezed and steered across the continent by high-pressure systems best explains the observed regional hydroclimate patterns of the Last Glacial Maximum.","author":{"name":"Jessica L. Oster, Daniel E. Ibarra, Matthew J. Winnick and Katharine Maher"},"citation":"Jessica L. Oster, Daniel E. Ibarra, Matthew J. Winnick and Katharine Maher. 2015. Steering of westerly storms over western North America at the Last Glacial Maximum. Nature Geoscience. . doi: 10.1038/ngeo2365","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/ngeo2365","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2365"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature Geoscience","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2015,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Steering of westerly storms over western North America at the Last Glacial Maximum","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Precipitation Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56470","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["31.3","47.61","-124.07","-105.14"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-105.14","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"47.61","southernmostLatitude":"31.3","westernmostLongitude":"-124.07"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"28334","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>precipitation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/oster2015/oster2015recon.txt","linkText":"Ensemble Hydroclimatic Reconstructions","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"ensemble average LGM-modern","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"ensemble average LGM-modern","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"unspecified margin of error","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"ensemble average LGM-modern","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation minus evapotranspiration"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"ensemble average LGM-modern","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"unspecified margin of error","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation minus evapotranspiration"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"ensemble average LGM-modern","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"ensemble average LGM-modern","cvDataType":"PALEOCLIMATIC MODELING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"unspecified margin of error","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>precipitation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/oster2015/oster2015.xls","linkText":"Ensemble Hydroclimatic Reconstructions, Proxies, and References","urlDescription":"Excel Data File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Oster2015recon","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":23000,"earliestYearBP":23000,"earliestYearCE":-21050,"mostRecentYear":19000,"mostRecentYearBP":19000,"mostRecentYearCE":-17050,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"28354","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>precipitation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/oster2015/oster2015proxy.txt","linkText":"Proxy Records Used in Ensemble Hydroclimatic Reconstructions","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate index>moisture index"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>precipitation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/oster2015/oster2015.xls","linkText":"Ensemble Hydroclimatic Reconstructions, Proxies, and References","urlDescription":"Excel Data File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Oster2015proxy","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":23000,"earliestYearBP":23000,"earliestYearCE":-21050,"mostRecentYear":19000,"mostRecentYearBP":19000,"mostRecentYearCE":-17050,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"},{"NOAADataTableId":"28355","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>precipitation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/oster2015/oster2015refs.txt","linkText":"References for Proxy Records Used in Ensemble Hydroclimatic Reconstructions","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>precipitation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/oster2015/oster2015.xls","linkText":"Ensemble Hydroclimatic Reconstructions, Proxies, and References","urlDescription":"Excel Data File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Oster2015refs","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":23000,"earliestYearBP":23000,"earliestYearCE":-21050,"mostRecentYear":19000,"mostRecentYearBP":19000,"mostRecentYearCE":-17050,"species":[],"timeUnit":"cal yr BP"}],"siteName":"Western North America Oster 2015"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Western North America LGM Ensemble Hydroclimatic Reconstructions","studyNotes":"Synthesis of hydoclimatic proxy records for western North America at the Last Glacial Maximum, indicating wet or dry hydroclimatic conditions relative to today from proxy reconstructions. Proxies table contains the locations and hydroclimate state at the LGM from a collection of proxy records. ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"15717"}