{"NOAAStudyId":"18875","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2015-06-12","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-18875.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1350,"earliestYearCE":600,"entryId":"noaa-recon-18875","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Mainz Geocycles Excellence Cluster","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Schneider, L.; Smerdon, J.E.; Büntgen, U.; Wilson, R.J.S.; Myglan, V.S.; Kirdyanov, A.; Esper, J.","mostRecentYearBP":-52,"mostRecentYearCE":2002,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/18875","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Annually resolved and millennium-long reconstructions of large-scale temperature variability are primarily composed of tree ring width (TRW) chronologies. Changes in ring width, however, have recently been shown to bias the ratio between low- and high-frequency signals. To overcome limitations in capturing the full spectrum of past temperature variability, we present a network of 15 maximum latewood density (MXD) chronologies distributed across the Northern Hemisphere extratropics. Independent subsets of continental-scale records consistently reveal high MXD before 1580 and after 1910, with below average values between these periods. Reconstructed extratropical summer temperatures reflect not only these long-term trends but also distinct cooling pulses after large volcanic eruptions. In contrast to TRW-dominated reconstructions, this MXD-based record indicates a delayed onset of the Little Ice Age by almost two centuries. The reduced memory inherent in MXD is likely responsible for the rapid recovery from volcanic-induced cooling in the fourteenth century and the continuation of warmer temperatures until ~1600.","author":{"name":"Lea Schneider, Jason E. Smerdon, Ulf Buntgen, Rob J.S. Wilson, Vladimir S. Myglan, Alexander V. Kirdyanov, and Jan Esper "},"citation":"Lea Schneider, Jason E. Smerdon, Ulf Buntgen, Rob J.S. Wilson, Vladimir S. Myglan, Alexander V. Kirdyanov, and Jan Esper. 2015. Revising midlatitude summer temperatures back to A.D.600 based on a wood density network. Geophysical Research Letters. . doi: 10.1002/2015GL063956","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1002/2015GL063956","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015GL063956"},"issue":null,"journal":"Geophysical Research Letters","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2015,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Revising midlatitude summer temperatures back to A.D.600 based on a wood density network","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"52563","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["30","90","-180","180"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"180","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"90","southernmostLatitude":"30","westernmostLongitude":"-180"}},"locationName":"Geographic Region>Northern Hemisphere","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"29254","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/schneider2015temp.txt","linkText":"Northern Hemisphere Extratropics Summer Temperature Reconstruction","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on latewood density; 1961-1990 AD reference period","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring density","cvMethod":"composite plus scale","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on latewood density; 1961-1990 AD reference period","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"95% confidence interval lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring density","cvMethod":"composite plus scale","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"based on latewood density; 1961-1990 AD reference period","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":"95% confidence interval upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring density","cvMethod":"composite plus scale","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"CRUTEM4vadj","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"}]}],"dataTableName":"Schneider2015NHtemp","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":600,"earliestYearBP":1350,"earliestYearCE":600,"mostRecentYear":2002,"mostRecentYearBP":-52,"mostRecentYearCE":2002,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"29255","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/schneider2015mxd.txt","linkText":"Regional Maximum Density Tree-Ring Chronologies","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"MXD-chronology Alaska","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"MXD-chronology Altai","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"MXD-chronology Athabasca","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"MXD-chronology Camphill","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"MXD-chronology Jämtland","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"MXD-chronology Lauenen","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"MXD-chronology Lötschental","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"MXD-chronology Mangazeja","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"MXD-chronology Nscan","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"MXD-chronology Polarural","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"MXD-chronology Pyrenees","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"MXD-chronology Quebec","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"MXD-chronology Torneträsk","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"MXD-chronology Tyrol","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"MXD-chronology Zhaschiviersk","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"}]}],"dataTableName":"Schneider2015mxd","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":600,"earliestYearBP":1350,"earliestYearCE":600,"mostRecentYear":2002,"mostRecentYearBP":-52,"mostRecentYearCE":2002,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Northern Hemisphere Extratropics"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Northern Hemisphere Extratropics 1400 Year MXD Summer Temperature Reconstruction","studyNotes":"Annually resolved summer temperature reconstruction for the northern hemisphere midlatitudes. The 15 proxy records are maximum-latewood-density chronologies with a minimum length of 600 years and a significant local summer temperature signal. The proxy composite is scaled against June-August temperatures from the CRUTEM4v network (30-90N).","version":"1.0","xmlId":"16557"}