{"NOAAStudyId":"19017","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2015-07-22","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-19017.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1016,"earliestYearCE":934,"entryId":"noaa-recon-19017","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"ATM-0400713, ATM-0753399"},{"fundingAgency":"US NOAA","fundingGrant":"NA08OAR4310727"}],"investigators":"Stahle, D.K.; Burnette, D.J.; Stahle, D.W.","mostRecentYearBP":-55,"mostRecentYearCE":2005,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19017","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Freshwater discharge into Albemarle Sound and many other large estuaries can have a major impact on the physical and biological properties of the estuary. Earlywood (EW) and latewood (LW) width tree ring chronologies recently developed from ancient trees and sub-fossil logs found at Devil's Gut of the Roanoke River, North Carolina, were used with new EW and LW width data from Blackwater River, Virginia, to reconstruct the July Palmer Hydrological Drought Index (PHDI) over the drainage basin of Albemarle Sound from 934 to 2005. This reconstruction is based on a principal component regression using millennium-long chronologies of both EW and LW widths, calibrated and verified against instrumental July PHDI from 1895 to 1985. The reconstruction provides a lengthy representation of inter-annual to multi-decadal growing season moisture variability that directly affects water quality in the Albemarle Sound estuarine ecosystem. Single-year drought and wetness extremes were more common in the modern instrumental period (1895-2005), but prolonged droughts reconstructed during the Medieval and Early Colonial eras were more severe and sustained than the reconstructed or observed droughts during the twentieth century. Several abrupt transitions between decadal drought and wetness regimes are reconstructed, especially during the Medieval Era. Composite analysis of lower-magnitude sub-decadal regime shifts in the instrumental record during the twentieth century indicates that major changes in mid-latitude circulation over the Northern Hemisphere may have been involved in these longer decadal transitions between moisture regimes over Albemarle Sound in prehistory.","author":{"name":"Daniel K. Stahle, Dorian J. Burnette, David W. Stahle"},"citation":"Daniel K. Stahle, Dorian J. Burnette, David W. Stahle. 2013. A Moisture Balance Reconstruction for the Drainage Basin of Albemarle Sound, North Carolina. Estuaries and Coasts, 36(6), 1340-1353. doi: 10.1007/s12237-013-9643-y","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1007/s12237-013-9643-y","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12237-013-9643-y"},"issue":"6","journal":"Estuaries and Coasts","pages":"1340-1353","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A Moisture Balance Reconstruction for the Drainage Basin of Albemarle Sound, North Carolina","type":"publication","volume":"36"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Other Hydroclimate Reconstruction","drought"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56546","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["35.5","36.5","-78","-76"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-76","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"36.5","southernmostLatitude":"35.5","westernmostLongitude":"-78"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>North Carolina","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"29454","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>streamflow"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/northamerica/usa/albemarle2013phdi.txt","linkText":"Albemarle Sound Drainage Basin 1000 Year PHDI Reconstruction","urlDescription":"Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"principal components regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jul","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate index>Palmer Hydrologic Drought Index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"principal components regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"principal component analysis","cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jul","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate index>Palmer Hydrologic Drought Index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jul","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate index>Palmer Drought Severity Index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"smoothed with 10 year spline; 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principal components regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"principal component analysis","cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jul","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate index>Palmer Hydrologic Drought Index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"smoothed with 30 year spline; principal components regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jul","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate index>Palmer Hydrologic Drought Index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"smoothed with 30 year spline; principal components regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"principal component analysis","cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jul","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate index>Palmer Hydrologic Drought Index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"smoothed with 60 year spline; principal components regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jul","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate index>Palmer Hydrologic Drought Index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"smoothed with 60 year spline; principal components regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"principal component analysis","cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Jul","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate index>Palmer Hydrologic Drought Index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>streamflow"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/northamerica/usa/albemarle2013trsgi.txt","linkText":"Albemarle Sound Drainage Basin 1000 Year Regional Tree Ring Chronology","urlDescription":"Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Regional average total ring width chronology for Blackwater River + Devils Gut","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>number of samples"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>streamflow"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/northamerica/usa/albemarle2013phdi.xlsx","linkText":"Albemarle Sound Drainage Basin PHDI Reconstruction, Statistics, and Tree Ring Chronology","urlDescription":"Excel Data File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Albemarle2013PHDI","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":934,"earliestYearBP":1016,"earliestYearCE":934,"mostRecentYear":2005,"mostRecentYearBP":-55,"mostRecentYearCE":2005,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Albemarle Sound Drainage Basin"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Albemarle Sound Drainage Basin 1000 Year Moisture Balance Reconstruction","studyNotes":"July moisture balance (Palmer Hydrological Drought Index, PHDI) reconstruction for the Albemarle Sound, North Carolina \tdrainage basin, based on two baldcypress tree-ring chronologies, for the past millennium. Tree-ring data are archived in the International Tree-Ring Data Bank (ITRDB), site codes VA021 and NC025.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"16701"}