{"NOAAStudyId":"19039","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2015-09-02","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-19039.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1450,"earliestYearCE":500,"entryId":"noaa-recon-19039","funding":[],"investigators":"Stoffel, M.; Khodri, M.; Corona, C.; Guillet, S.; Poulain, V.; Bekki, S.; Guiot, J.; Luckman, B.H.; Oppenheimer, C.; Lebas, N.; Beniston, M.; Masson-Delmotte, V.","mostRecentYearBP":-62,"mostRecentYearCE":2012,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19039","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Explosive volcanism can alter global climate, and hence trigger economic, political and demographic change. The climatic impact of the largest volcanic events has been assessed in numerous modelling studies and tree-ring-based hemispheric temperature reconstructions. However, volcanic surface cooling derived from climate model simulations is systematically much stronger than the cooling seen in tree-ring-based proxies, suggesting that the proxies underestimate cooling; and/or the modelled forcing is unrealistically high. Here, we present summer temperature reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere from tree-ring width and maximum latewood density over the past 1,500 years. We also simulate the climate effects of two large eruptions, in AD 1257 and 1815, using a climate model that accounts explicitly for self-limiting aerosol microphysical processes. Our tree-ring reconstructions show greater cooling than reconstructions with lower spatial coverage and based on tree-ring width alone, whereas our simulations show less cooling than previous simulations relying on poorly constrained eruption seasons and excluding nonlinear aerosol microphysics. Our tree-ring reconstructions and climate simulations are in agreement, with a mean Northern Hemisphere extra-tropical summer cooling over land of 0.8 to 1.3C for these eruptions. This reconciliation of proxy and model evidence paves the way to improved assessment of the role of both past and future volcanism in climate forcing.","author":{"name":"Markus Stoffel, Myriam Khodri, Christophe Corona, Sébastien Guillet, Virginie Poulain, Slimane Bekki, Joël Guiot, Brian H. Luckman, Clive Oppenheimer, Nicolas Lebas, Martin Beniston, Valérie Masson-Delmotte"},"citation":"Markus Stoffel, Myriam Khodri, Christophe Corona, Sébastien Guillet, Virginie Poulain, Slimane Bekki, Joël Guiot, Brian H. Luckman, Clive Oppenheimer, Nicolas Lebas, Martin Beniston, Valérie Masson-Delmotte. 2015. Estimates of volcanic-induced cooling in the Northern Hemisphere over the past 1,500 years. Nature Geoscience. . doi: 10.1038/ngeo2526","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/ngeo2526","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2526"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature Geoscience","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2015,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Estimates of volcanic-induced cooling in the Northern Hemisphere over the past 1,500 years","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"52563","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["30","90","-180","180"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"180","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"90","southernmostLatitude":"30","westernmostLongitude":"-180"}},"locationName":"Geographic Region>Northern Hemisphere","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"29498","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/stoffel2015nhtemp.txt","linkText":"Regional Maximum Density and Ring Width Tree-Ring Chronologies","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Pyrenees","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Aktash_Valley","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Ary Ongorbynf River; 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The proxy composite is calibrated and validated against June-August temperature anomalies from the CRUTEM4v and BEST networks 40-90N. ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"16725"}