{"NOAAStudyId":"19103","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2015-08-12","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-19103.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":450,"earliestYearCE":1500,"entryId":"noaa-recon-19103","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"AGS-1102757"}],"investigators":"Wise, E.K.; Dannenberg, M.P.","mostRecentYearBP":-60,"mostRecentYearCE":2010,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19103","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Changes in moisture delivery to western North America are largely controlled by interrelated, synoptic-scale atmospheric pressure patterns. Long-term records of upper-atmosphere pressure and related circulation patterns are needed to assess potential drivers of past severe droughts and evaluate how future climate changes may impact hydroclimatic systems. Here we develop a tree-ring-based climate field reconstruction of cool-season 500 hPa geopotential height on a 2 x 2 degree grid over North America and the North Pacific to AD 1500 and examine the frequency and persistence of preinstrumental atmospheric pressure patterns using Self-Organizing Maps. Our results show extended time periods dominated by a set of persistent upper-air pressure patterns, providing insight into the atmospheric conditions leading to periods of sustained drought and pluvial periods in the preinstrumental past. A striking shift from meridional to zonal flow occurred at the end of the Little Ice Age and was sustained for several decades.","author":{"name":"Erika K. Wise and Matthew P. Dannenberg"},"citation":"Erika K. Wise and Matthew P. Dannenberg. 2014. Persistence of pressure patterns over North America and the North Pacific since AD 1500. Nature Communications, 5(4912). doi: 10.1038/ncomms5912","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/ncomms5912","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms5912"},"issue":"4912","journal":"Nature Communications","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2014,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Persistence of pressure patterns over North America and the North Pacific since AD 1500","type":"publication","volume":"5"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Patterns Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56553","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["14","70","160","-70"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-70","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"70","southernmostLatitude":"14","westernmostLongitude":"160"}},"locationName":"Geographic Region>Western Hemisphere","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"29548","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>atmospheric circulation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/wise2014gph.nc","linkText":"North America-North Pacific 500 hPa Geopotential Height Reconstruction","urlDescription":"NetCDF Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"at 500 hPa; assigned to the ending year of the season","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"normalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring width","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"6-month period>Oct-Mar","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>geopotential height"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"standard deviation ratio (entire period to calibration period)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring width","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"6-month period>Oct-Mar","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>geopotential height"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"Error as calculated by RegEm-ridge program (see T. Schneider, 2001: Analysis of incomplete climate data: Estimation of mean values and covariance matrices and imputation of missing values. 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