{"NOAAStudyId":"19319","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2015-10-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-19319.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":450,"earliestYearCE":1500,"entryId":"noaa-recon-19319","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"AGS-1349942"},{"fundingAgency":"Swiss National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"P300P2_154543"},{"fundingAgency":"US Geological Survey","fundingGrant":"G13AC00339"}],"investigators":"Belmecheri, S.; Babst, F.; Wahl, E.R.; Stahle, D.W.; Trouet, V.","mostRecentYearBP":-65,"mostRecentYearCE":2015,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19319","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"California is currently experiencing a record-setting drought that started in 2012 and recently culminated in the first ever mandatory state-wide water restriction. The snowpack conditions in the Sierra Nevada mountains present an ominous sign of the severity of this drought: the 1 April 2015 snow water equivalent (SWE) was at only 5% of its historical average. In the Mediterranean climate of California, with 80% of the precipitation occurring during winter months, Sierra Nevada snowpack plays a critical role in replenishing the state's water reservoirs and provides 30% of its water supply. As a result, a multi-year and severe snowpack decline can acutely impact human and natural systems, including urban and agricultural water supplies, hydroelectric power and wildfire risk.\r\nThe exceptional character of the 2012-2015 drought has been revealed in millennium-length palaeoclimate records, but no long-term historical context is available for the recent snowpack decline. Here, we present an annually resolved reconstruction of 1 April SWE conditions over the whole Sierra Nevada range for the past 500 years. We combined an extensive compilation of blue oak tree-ring series that reflects large-scale California winter precipitation anomalies with a tree-ring-based California February-March temperature record in a reconstruction that explains 63% of the Sierra Nevada SWE variance over the instrumental period.","author":{"name":"Soumaya Belmecheri, Flurin Babst, Eugene R. Wahl, David W. Stahle and Valerie Trouet"},"citation":"Soumaya Belmecheri, Flurin Babst, Eugene R. Wahl, David W. Stahle and Valerie Trouet. 2015. Multi-century evaluation of Sierra Nevada snowpack. Nature Climate Change. . doi: 10.1038/nclimate2809","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/nclimate2809","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate2809"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature Climate Change","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2015,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Multi-century evaluation of Sierra Nevada snowpack","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Other Hydroclimate Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56586","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["36.57","41.583","-121.422","118.768"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"118.768","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"41.583","southernmostLatitude":"36.57","westernmostLongitude":"-121.422"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>California","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"29838","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>precipitation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/california/sierra2015swe.txt","linkText":"Sierra Nevada 500 Year Snow Water Equivalent Reconstruction","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"first principal component","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>snow water equivalent"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"first principal component","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"unspecified error lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>snow water equivalent"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"first principal component","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"unspecified error upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>snow water equivalent"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"first principal component; low elevation Sites <2129.8m","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>snow water equivalent"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"first principal component; high elevation Sites >2669.2m","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>snow water equivalent"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"first principal component; 1930-2015","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>snow water equivalent"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"first principal component; low elevation Sites <2129.8m; 1930-2015","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>snow water equivalent"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"first principal component; high elevation Sites >2669.2m; 1930-2015","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>snow water equivalent"}]}],"dataTableName":"Sierra2015SWE","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1500,"earliestYearBP":450,"earliestYearCE":1500,"mostRecentYear":2015,"mostRecentYearBP":-65,"mostRecentYearCE":2015,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Sierra Nevada"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Sierra Nevada, California 500 Year Snowpack Reconstruction","studyNotes":"April 1st Snow Water Equivalent reconstruction using tree-rings and temperature reconstruction (1500-1980)","version":"1.0","xmlId":"17005"}