{"NOAAStudyId":"19682","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-01-15","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-19682.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":2826,"earliestYearCE":-876,"entryId":"noaa-recon-19682","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Research Council of Norway","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"University of Tromsø","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Norwegian Polar Institute","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"The Kone Foundation","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Miettinen, A.; Divine, D.V.; Husum, K.; Koç, N.; Jennings, A.E.","mostRecentYearBP":40,"mostRecentYearCE":1910,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19682","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Diatom inferred 2900-year-long records of August sea surface temperature (aSST) and April sea-ice concentration (aSIC) are generated from a marine sediment core from the SE Greenland shelf with a special focus on the interval ca. 870–1910 Common Era (CE) reconstructed in subdecadal temporal resolution.The Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) between 1000 and 1200 CE represents the warmest ocean surface conditions of the SE Greenland shelf over the late Holocene (880 BCE–1910 CE). It was characterized by abrupt, decadal to multidecadal changes, such as an abrupt warming of ~2.4°C in 55 years around 1000 CE. Temperature changes of these magnitudes are rare on the North Atlantic proxy data. Compared to regional air temperature reconstructions, our results indicate a lag of about 50 years in ocean surface warming either due to increased freshwater discharge from the Greenland ice sheet or intensified sea-ice export from the Arctic as a response to atmospheric warming at the beginning of the MCA. A cool phase, from 1200–1890 CE, associated with the Little Ice Age (LIA), ends with the rapid warming of aSST and diminished aSIC in the early 20th century.The results show that the periods of warm aSST and aSIC minima are coupled with the solar minima suggesting that solar forcing possibly amplified by atmospheric forcing have been behind the variability of surface conditions on the SE Greenland over the last millennium. The results indicate that the SE Greenland shelf is a climatologically sensitive area where extremely rapid changes are possible and highlights the importance of the area under the present warming conditions.\r\n","author":{"name":"Miettinen, A., D. Divine D., K. Husum, N. Koç, and A. Jennings"},"citation":"Miettinen, A., D. Divine D., K. Husum, N. Koç, and A. Jennings. 2015. Exceptional ocean surface conditions on the SE Greenland shelf during the Medieval Climate Anomaly. Paleoceanography, 30, 1657-1674. doi: 10.1002/2015PA002849","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1002/2015PA002849","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015PA002849"},"issue":null,"journal":"Paleoceanography","pages":"1657-1674","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2015,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Exceptional ocean surface conditions on the SE Greenland shelf during the Medieval Climate Anomaly","type":"publication","volume":"30"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Sea Surface Temperature Reconstruction","Sea Ice Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56706","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["67.136333","-30.827833"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-30.827833","maxElevationMeters":"-714","minElevationMeters":"-714","northernmostLatitude":"67.136333","southernmostLatitude":"67.136333","westernmostLongitude":"-30.827833"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30307","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>sea ice"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/miettinen2015/miettinen2015-ice.txt","linkText":"Sea Ice Reconstruction","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"partial least squares regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>diatom assemblage","cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"percent","cvWhat":"earth system variable>cryospheric variable>cryospheric quantity>sea ice cover"}]}],"dataTableName":"Kanger sea ice Miettinen15","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":-876,"earliestYearBP":2826,"earliestYearCE":-876,"mostRecentYear":1910,"mostRecentYearBP":40,"mostRecentYearCE":1910,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"30308","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>sea surface temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/miettinen2015/miettinen2015-sst.txt","linkText":"SST Reconstruction","urlDescription":"Formatted Text File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"partial least squares regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|PALEOCEANOGRAPHY","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>biological assemblage>diatom assemblage","cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"1-month period>Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>sea water temperature>sea surface temperature"}]}],"dataTableName":"Kanger SST Miettinen15","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":-876,"earliestYearBP":2826,"earliestYearCE":-876,"mostRecentYear":1910,"mostRecentYearBP":40,"mostRecentYearCE":1910,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Kangerlussuaq Trough "}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"SE Greenland Shelf 2900 Year Diatom SST and Sea Ice Reconstructions","studyNotes":"A 2900-year-long diatom inferred August sea surface temperature reconstruction, at a temporal resolution of 3-8 years for 870-1910 CE and a at resolution of 40 years for 880 BCE-870 CE, from marine sediment core MD99-2322 from the SE Greenland shelf. An improved training set consisting of 184 surface sediment samples with 52 diatom species from the North Atlantic, the Labrador Sea, the Nordic Seas and Baffin Bay was utilized to convert downcore diatom counts to quantitative August SST using the weighted averaging partial least squares (WA-PLS) transfer function method. The 2900-year-long diatom inferred reconstruction of April sea ice concentrations was also generated from marine sediment core MD99-2322. The reconstruction has a temporal resolution of 3-8 years for 870-1910 CE and a resolution of 40 years for 880 BCE-870 CE. The calibration set comprising 89 surface sediment samples from the northern North Atlantic, the Nordic Seas, Baffin Bay and northwestern Labrador Sea was created for a reconstruction method. For calibration we used modern satellite-based sea-ice concentrations from the sampling locations and the weighted averaging partial least squares (WA-PLS) transfer function method. \n\n  Provided Keywords: sea surface temperature, sea ice, abrupt climate change, SE Greenland shelf, Medieval Climate Anomaly, Little Ice Age, last millennium","version":"1.0","xmlId":"17453"}