{"NOAAStudyId":"19884","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-03-14","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-19884.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1949,"earliestYearCE":1,"entryId":"noaa-recon-19884","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"US NOAA","fundingGrant":null},{"fundingAgency":"Swiss National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Büntgen, U.; Myglan, V.S.; Ljungqvist, F.C.; McCormick, M.; Di Cosmo, N.; Sigl, M.; Jungclaus, J.H.; Wagner, S.; Krusic, P.J.; Esper, J.; Kaplan, J.O.; de Vaan, M.A.C.; Luterbacher, J.; Wacker, L.; Tegel, W.; Kirdyanov, A.","mostRecentYearBP":-61,"mostRecentYearCE":2011,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19884","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Climatic changes during the first half of the Common Era have been suggested to play a role in societal reorganizations in Europe and Asia. In particular, the sixth century coincides with rising and falling civilizations, pandemics, human migration and political turmoil. Our understanding of the magnitude and spatial extent as well as the possible causes and concurrences of climate change during this period is, however, still limited. Here we use tree-ring chronologies from the Russian Altai and European Alps to reconstruct summer temperatures over the past two millennia. We find an unprecedented, long-lasting and spatially synchronized cooling following a cluster of large volcanic eruptions in 536, 540 and 547 AD, which was probably sustained by ocean and sea-ice feedbacks, as well as a solar minimum. We thus identify the interval from 536 to about 660 AD as the Late Antique Little Ice Age. Spanning most of the Northern Hemisphere, we suggest that this cold phase be considered as an additional environmental factor contributing to the establishment of the Justinian plague, transformation of the eastern Roman Empire and collapse of the Sasanian Empire, movements out of the Asian steppe and Arabian Peninsula, spread of Slavic-speaking peoples and political upheavals in China.","author":{"name":"Ulf Büntgen, Vladimir S. Myglan, Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist, Michael McCormick, Nicola Di Cosmo, Michael Sigl, Johann Jungclaus, Sebastian Wagner, Paul J. Krusic, Jan Esper, Jed O. Kaplan, Michiel A. C. de Vaan, Jürg Luterbacher, Lukas Wacker, Willy Tegel, Alexander V. Kirdyanov"},"citation":"Ulf Büntgen, Vladimir S. Myglan, Fredrik Charpentier Ljungqvist, Michael McCormick, Nicola Di Cosmo, Michael Sigl, Johann Jungclaus, Sebastian Wagner, Paul J. Krusic, Jan Esper, Jed O. Kaplan, Michiel A. C. de Vaan, Jürg Luterbacher, Lukas Wacker, Willy Tegel, Alexander V. Kirdyanov. 2016. Cooling and societal change during the Late Antique Little Ice Age from 536 to around 660 AD. Nature Geoscience, 9, 231-236. doi: 10.1038/ngeo2652","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/ngeo2652","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2652"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature Geoscience","pages":"231-236","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2016,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Cooling and societal change during the Late Antique Little Ice Age from 536 to around 660 AD","type":"publication","volume":"9"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56767","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["45","50","10","15"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"15","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"50","southernmostLatitude":"45","westernmostLongitude":"10"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Western Europe","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30549","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/europe/alps2016temp.txt","linkText":"European Alps Summer Temperature Reconstruction","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Central Europe Buentgen_etal.Science2011_JJA-temp; 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