{"NOAAStudyId":"19943","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-03-30","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-19943.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1150,"earliestYearCE":800,"entryId":"noaa-recon-19943","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Project Millennium ","fundingGrant":"017008"}],"investigators":"McCarroll, D.; Loader, N.J.; Jalkanen, R.; Gagen, M.; Grudd, H.; Gunnarson, B.E.; Kirchhefer, A.J.; Friedrich, M.; Linderholm, H.W.; Lindholm, M.; Boettger, T.; Los, S.O.; Remmele, S.; Kononov, Y.M.; Yamazaki, Y.H.; Young, G.H.F.; Zorita, E.","mostRecentYearBP":-55,"mostRecentYearCE":2005,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/19943","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Combining nine tree growth proxies from four sites, from the west coast of Norway to the Kola Peninsula of NW Russia, provides a well replicated (> 100 annual measurements per year) mean index of tree growth over the last 1200 years that represents the growth of much of the northern pine timberline forests of northern Fennoscandia. The simple mean of the nine series, z-scored over their common period, correlates strongly with mean June to August temperature averaged over this region (r = 0.81), allowing reconstructions of summer temperature based on regression and variance scaling. The reconstructions correlate significantly with gridded summer temperatures across the whole of Fennoscandia, extending north across Svalbard and south into Denmark. Uncertainty in the reconstructions is estimated by combining the uncertainty in mean tree growth with the uncertainty in the regression models. Over the last seven centuries the uncertainty is < 4.5% higher than in the 20th century, and reaches a maximum of 12% above recent levels during the 10th century. The results suggest that the 20th century was the warmest of the last 1200 years, but that it was not significantly different from the 11th century. The coldest century was the 17th. The impact of volcanic eruptions is clear, and a delayed recovery from pairs or multiple eruptions suggests the presence of some positive feedback mechanism. There is no clear and consistent link between northern Fennoscandian summer temperatures and solar forcing. ","author":{"name":"Danny McCarroll, Neil J. Loader, Risto Jalkanen, Mary H. Gagen, Håkan Grudd, Björn E. Gunnarson, Andreas J. Kirchhefer, Michael Friedrich, Hans W. Linderholm, Markus Lindholm, Tatjana Boettger, Sietse O. Los, Sabine Remmele, Yuri M. Kononov, Yasuhiro H. Yamazaki, Giles H.F. Young, and Eduardo Zorita"},"citation":"Danny McCarroll, Neil J. Loader, Risto Jalkanen, Mary H. Gagen, Håkan Grudd, Björn E. Gunnarson, Andreas J. Kirchhefer, Michael Friedrich, Hans W. Linderholm, Markus Lindholm, Tatjana Boettger, Sietse O. Los, Sabine Remmele, Yuri M. Kononov, Yasuhiro H. Yamazaki, Giles H.F. Young, and Eduardo Zorita. 2013. A 1200-year multiproxy record of tree growth and summer temperature at the northern pine forest limit of Europe. The Holocene, 23(4), 471-484. doi: 10.1177/0959683612467483","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1177/0959683612467483","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683612467483"},"issue":"4","journal":"The Holocene","pages":"471-484","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2013,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A 1200-year multiproxy record of tree growth and summer temperature at the northern pine forest limit of Europe","type":"publication","volume":"23"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"53203","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["66.42","70.83","14.05","35.32"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"35.32","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"70.83","southernmostLatitude":"66.42","westernmostLongitude":"14.05"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Northern Europe>Scandanavia","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30629","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>air temperature"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/europe/fennoscandia2013temp.txt","linkText":"Fennoscandia Tree Growth Data and Summer Temperature Reconstruction","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"simple linear regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Variance scaled","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree Celsius","cvWhat":"earth system variable>temperature variable>temperature>surface temperature"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Forfjorddalen PISY tree ring density","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Forfjorddalen PISY tree ring width","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Torneträsk PISY tree ring density","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Torneträsk PISY tree ring width","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Laanila PISY tree ring density","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Laanila PISY tree ring width","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Laanila PISY annual height increment","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Khibiny PISY tree ring blue intensity (a surrogate for density)","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Khibiny PISY tree ring width","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"McCarroll 2013 PISY northern pine tree growth composite","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"averaged","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"McCarroll 2013 PISY northern pine tree growth composite","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"McCarroll 2013 PISY northern pine tree growth composite; mean values z-scored to have a mean of zero and standard deviation of one over the common period","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"normalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"McCarroll 2013 PISY northern pine tree growth composite; mean values z-scored to have a mean of zero and standard deviation of one over the common period","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"composited","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"statistical variable>proxy composite>tree ring standardized growth index"}]}],"dataTableName":"McCarroll2013temp","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":800,"earliestYearBP":1150,"earliestYearCE":800,"mostRecentYear":2005,"mostRecentYearBP":-55,"mostRecentYearCE":2005,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Fennoscandia"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Fennoscandia 1200 Year Tree Growth Data and Summer Temperature Reconstruction","studyNotes":"Tree growth indices (ring width, density, tree height) from 4 sites in northern Fennoscandia, plus summer (June-August) temperature reconstruction for the past 1,200 years.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"17814"}