{"NOAAStudyId":"20002","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-05-03","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-20002.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":624,"earliestYearCE":1326,"entryId":"noaa-recon-20002","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"European Union","fundingGrant":"ISONET EVK2-CT-2002-00147"},{"fundingAgency":"CNRS","fundingGrant":"PALEOMEX-ISOMEX program"}],"investigators":"Labuhn, I.; Daux, V.; Girardclos, O.; Stievenard, M.; Pierre, M.; Masson-Delmotte, V.","mostRecentYearBP":-54,"mostRecentYearCE":2004,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20002","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The reconstruction of droughts is essential for the understanding of past drought dynamics and can help evaluate future drought scenarios in a changing climate. This article presents a reconstruction of summer droughts in France based on annually resolved, absolutely dated chronologies of oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) in tree ring cellulose from Quercus spp. Samples were taken from living trees and timber wood from historic buildings at two sites: Fontainebleau (48°23′ N, 2°40′ E; 1326–2000 CE) and Angoulême (45°44′ N, 0°18′ E; 1360–2004 CE). Cellulose δ18O from these sites proved to be a good proxy of summer climate, as the trees were sensitive to temperature and moisture availability. However, offsets in average δ18O values between tree cohorts necessitated a correction before joining them to the final chronologies.\r\n\r\nUsing the corrected δ18O chronologies, we developed models based on linear regression to reconstruct drought, expressed by the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI). The significant correlations between the SPEI and cellulose δ18O (r ≈ −0.70), as well as the verification of the models by independent data support the validity of these reconstructions. At both sites, recent decades are characterized by increasing drought. Fontainebleau displays dominantly wetter conditions during earlier centuries, whereas the current drought intensity is not unprecedented in the Angoulême record.\r\n\r\nWhile the δ18O chronologies at the two studied sites are highly correlated during the 19th and 20th centuries, there is a significant decrease in the correlation coefficient between 1600 and 1800 CE, which indicates either a weaker climate sensitivity of the tree ring proxies during this period, or a more heterogeneous climate in the north and the south of France. Future studies of tree ring isotope networks might reveal if the seasonality and spatial patterns of past droughts can explain this decoupling. A regional drought reconstruction based on a combination of the two sites shows good agreement with historical records of grape harvest dates in France, which provide another proxy of summer climate.","author":{"name":"Inga Labuhn, Valérie Daux, Olivier Girardclos, Michel Stievenard, Monique Pierre, and Valérie Masson-Delmotte"},"citation":"Inga Labuhn, Valérie Daux, Olivier Girardclos, Michel Stievenard, Monique Pierre, and Valérie Masson-Delmotte. 2016. French summer droughts since 1326 CE: a reconstruction based on tree ring cellulose δ18O. Climate of the Past, 12, 1101-1117. doi: 10.5194/cp-12-1101-2016","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.5194/cp-12-1101-2016","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1101-2016"},"issue":null,"journal":"Climate of the Past","pages":"1101-1117","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2016,"reportNumber":null,"title":"French summer droughts since 1326 CE: a reconstruction based on tree ring cellulose δ18O","type":"publication","volume":"12"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Other Hydroclimate Reconstruction","Precipitation Reconstruction","drought"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"16580","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["48.45","2.68"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"2.68","maxElevationMeters":"136","minElevationMeters":"136","northernmostLatitude":"48.45","southernmostLatitude":"48.45","westernmostLongitude":"2.68"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Western Europe>France>Seine-et-Marne","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30644","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>precipitation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/isotope/europe/france/fontainebleau2016.txt","linkText":"Fontainebleau Cellulose d18O Data and SPEI Reconstruction","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"cellulose delta 18O","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate index>standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"95% confidence interval upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate index>standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"anomalized from total record mean","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>cellulose>latewood cellulose","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>cellulose","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Fontainebleau2016","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1326,"earliestYearBP":624,"earliestYearCE":1326,"mostRecentYear":2000,"mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Fontainebleau"},{"NOAASiteId":"56779","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["45.7333",".3"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"0.3","maxElevationMeters":"144","minElevationMeters":"144","northernmostLatitude":"45.7333","southernmostLatitude":"45.7333","westernmostLongitude":"0.3"}},"locationName":"Continent>Europe>Western Europe>France","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30645","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>precipitation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/isotope/europe/france/angouleme2016.txt","linkText":"Angoulême Cellulose d18O Data and SPEI Reconstruction","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"cellulose delta 18O","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate index>standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"95% confidence interval upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate index>standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"anomalized from total record mean","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>cellulose>latewood cellulose","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>cellulose","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"}]}],"dataTableName":"Angouleme2016","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1360,"earliestYearBP":590,"earliestYearCE":1360,"mostRecentYear":2004,"mostRecentYearBP":-54,"mostRecentYearCE":2004,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"},{"NOAADataTableId":"30663","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>precipitation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/isotope/europe/france/ang-font2016.txt","linkText":"Angoulême/Fontainebleau Mean Cellulose d18O Data and SPEI Reconstruction","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":"cellulose delta 18O","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>isotope ratio>delta 18O","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate index>standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"95% confidence interval upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate index>standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"anomalized from total record mean","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>cellulose>latewood cellulose","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"anomalized","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>cellulose","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VSMOW","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 18O"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"}]}],"dataTableName":"Angouleme-Fontainebleau2016","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1326,"earliestYearBP":624,"earliestYearCE":1326,"mostRecentYear":2004,"mostRecentYearBP":-54,"mostRecentYearCE":2004,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Angoulême"}],"studyCode":"IITRDB19","studyName":"France 670 Year Tree-Ring d18O Data and SPEI Drought Reconstruction","studyNotes":"Tree ring cellulose delta18O time series from Fontainebleau (FON) and Angouleme (ANG) and their average (mean), expressed as anomalies. The analytical error is 0.2 permil.  Drought reconstructions for June-July-August based on these delta18O time series. Drought is expressed by the SPEI (Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index). IITRDB19","version":"1.0","xmlId":"17851"}