{"NOAAStudyId":"20245","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-06-06","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-20245.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":450,"earliestYearCE":1500,"entryId":"noaa-recon-20245","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Australian Research Council  ","fundingGrant":"FL100100195, LP120100310, DP130104156, DP0878744, DP120104320"}],"investigators":"Palmer, J.G.; Cook, E.R.; Turney, C.S.M.; Allen, K.J.; Fenwick, P.; Cook, B.I.; O'Donnell , A.J.; Lough, J.M.; Grierson, P.F.; Baker, P.J.","mostRecentYearBP":-62,"mostRecentYearCE":2012,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20245","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Agricultural production across eastern Australia and New Zealand is highly vulnerable to drought, but there is a dearth of observational drought information prior to CE 1850. Using a comprehensive network of 176 drought-sensitive tree-ring chronologies and one coral series, we report the first Southern Hemisphere gridded drought atlas extending back to CE 1500. The austral summer (December-February) Palmer drought sensitivity index reconstruction accurately reproduces historically documented drought events associated with the first European settlement of Australia in CE 1788, and the leading principal component explains over 50% of the underlying variance. This leading mode of variability is strongly related to the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation tripole index (IPO), with a strong and robust antiphase correlation between (1) eastern Australia and the New Zealand North Island and (2) the South Island. Reported positive, negative, and neutral phases of the IPO are consistently reconstructed by the drought atlas although the relationship since CE 1976 appears to have weakened.","author":{"name":"Jonathan G. Palmer, Edward R. Cook, Chris S.M. Turney, Kathy Allen, Pavla Fenwick, Benjamin I. Cook, Alison O'Donnell, Janice Lough, Pauline Grierson, Patrick Baker"},"citation":"Jonathan G. Palmer, Edward R. Cook, Chris S.M. Turney, Kathy Allen, Pavla Fenwick, Benjamin I. Cook, Alison O'Donnell, Janice Lough, Pauline Grierson, Patrick Baker. 2015. Drought variability in the eastern Australia and New Zealand summer drought atlas (ANZDA, CE 1500-2012) modulated by the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation. Environmental Research Letters, 10(12), 124002. doi: 10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/124002","edition":"124002","identifier":{"id":"10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/124002","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/12/124002"},"issue":"12","journal":"Environmental Research Letters","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2015,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Drought variability in the eastern Australia and New Zealand summer drought atlas (ANZDA, CE 1500-2012) modulated by the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation","type":"publication","volume":"10"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Palmer Drought Index Reconstruction","drought"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56802","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-47","-11","136","178.5"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"178.5","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"-11","southernmostLatitude":"-47","westernmostLongitude":"136"}},"locationName":"Continent>Australia/New Zealand","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"30888","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>precipitation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/australia/palmer2015pdsi/readme-palmer2015anzda.txt","linkText":"Palmer et al. 2015 ANZDA Readme File","urlDescription":"Data Description","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>precipitation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/australia/palmer2015pdsi/anzda-act-djf-anom.txt","linkText":"Actual Instrumental JJA PDSI Series for 1375 Gridpoints","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree north","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>latitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree east","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>longitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Dec-Feb","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate index>Palmer Drought Severity Index"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth 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variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate index>Palmer Drought Severity Index"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>precipitation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/australia/palmer2015pdsi/anzda-pdsi-xy.txt","linkText":"Longitude-Latitude Pairs for 1375 Gridpoints","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>precipitation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/australia/palmer2015pdsi/anzda-recon.txt","linkText":"Reconstructions of JJA PDSI Series for 1375 Gridpoints","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age 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