{"NOAAStudyId":"20435","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-03-21","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-20435.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":499,"earliestYearCE":1451,"entryId":"noaa-recon-20435","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"1360446"}],"investigators":"Ho, M.; Lall, U.; Sun, X.; Cook, E.R.","mostRecentYearBP":-55,"mostRecentYearCE":2005,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20435","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The development of paleoclimate streamflow reconstructions in the conterminous United States (CONUS) has provided water resource managers with improved insights into multi-decadal and centennial scale variability that cannot be reliably detected using shorter instrumental records. Paleoclimate streamflow reconstructions have largely focused on individual catchments limiting the ability to quantify variability across the CONUS. The Living Blended Drought Atlas (LBDA), a spatially and temporally complete 555-year-long paleoclimate record of summer drought across the CONUS, provides an opportunity to reconstruct and characterize streamflow variability at a continental scale. We explore the validity of the first paleo reconstructions of streamflow that span the CONUS informed by the LBDA targeting a set of US Geological Survey streamflow sites. The reconstructions are skillful under cross validation across most of the country, but the variance explained is generally low. Spatial and temporal structures of streamflow variability are analyzed using hierarchical clustering, principal component analysis, and wavelet analyses. Nine spatially coherent clusters are identified. The reconstructions show signals of contemporary droughts such as the Dust Bowl (1930s) and 1950s droughts. Decadal-scale variability was detected in the late 1900s in the western US, however, similar modes of temporal variability were rarely present prior to the 1950s. The 20th century featured longer wet spells and shorter dry spells compared with the preceding 450 years. Streamflow in the Pacific Northwest and Northeast are negatively correlated with the central US suggesting the potential to mitigate some drought impacts by balancing economic activities and insurance pools across these regions during major droughts. ","author":{"name":"Michelle Ho, Upmanu Lall, Xun Sun, Edward R. Cook"},"citation":"Michelle Ho, Upmanu Lall, Xun Sun, Edward R. Cook. 2017. Multiscale temporal variability and regional patterns in 555 years of conterminous U.S. streamflow. Water Resources Research. . doi: 10.1002/2016WR019632","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1002/2016WR019632","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019632"},"issue":null,"journal":"Water Resources Research","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2017,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Multiscale temporal variability and regional patterns in 555 years of conterminous U.S. streamflow","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Streamflow Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56845","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["24","50","-124","-68"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-68","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"50","southernmostLatitude":"24","westernmostLongitude":"-124"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"31098","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth 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rate>streamflow"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Region: 1=NDtoTX   2=Cornbelt   3=sMSRiv   4=GreatLakes   5=California   6=Intermountain   7=Northeast   8=PacificNW   9=Southeast","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"adjusted r2","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"calibration coefficient of determination","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>streamflow"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"lambda (canonical correlation analysis regularization parameter)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":null,"cvWhat":"sampling metadata>notes"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>streamflow"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/northamerica/usa/conus2017flow.txt","linkText":"Coterminous US Regional Streamflow Reconstructions","urlDescription":"Formatted Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"First PC of streamflow cluster 1 (ND to TX)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"statistical variable>multivariate eigenvector-based variable>principal component"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"First PC of streamflow cluster 2 (Cornbelt)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"statistical variable>multivariate eigenvector-based variable>principal component"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"First PC of streamflow cluster 3 (sMSRiv)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"statistical variable>multivariate eigenvector-based variable>principal component"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"First PC of streamflow cluster 4 (Great Lakes)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"statistical variable>multivariate eigenvector-based variable>principal component"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"First PC of streamflow cluster 5 (California)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"statistical variable>multivariate eigenvector-based variable>principal component"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"First PC of streamflow cluster 6 (Intermountain)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"statistical variable>multivariate eigenvector-based variable>principal component"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"First PC of streamflow cluster 7 (Northeast)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"statistical variable>multivariate eigenvector-based variable>principal component"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"First PC of streamflow cluster 8 (PacificNW)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"statistical variable>multivariate eigenvector-based variable>principal component"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"First PC of streamflow cluster 9 (Southeast)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"annual","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"statistical variable>multivariate eigenvector-based variable>principal component"}]}],"dataTableName":"CONUS2017flow","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1451,"earliestYearBP":499,"earliestYearCE":1451,"mostRecentYear":2005,"mostRecentYearBP":-55,"mostRecentYearCE":2005,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Continental United States"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Conterminous United States Regional 555 Year Streamflow Reconstructions","studyNotes":"Annual regional streamflow reconstructions using regularized Canonical Correlation Analysis and a tree-ring based paleoclimate reconstruction of the Palmer Drought Severity Index. 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