{"NOAAStudyId":"20465","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2016-09-02","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-20465.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":450,"earliestYearCE":1500,"entryId":"noaa-recon-20465","funding":[],"investigators":"Diaz, H.F.; Wahl, E.R.; Zorita, E.; Giambelluca, T.W.; Eischeid, J.","mostRecentYearBP":-62,"mostRecentYearCE":2012,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/20465","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Few if any high-resolution (annually resolved) paleoclimate records are available for the Hawaiian Islands prior to ~1850 CE, after which some instrumental records start to become available. This paper shows how atmospheric teleconnection patterns between North America and the northeastern North Pacific (NNP) allow for reconstruction of Hawaiian Islands rainfall using remote proxy information from North America. Based on a newly available precipitation dataset for the state of Hawaii and observed and reconstructed December-February (DJF) sea level pressures (SLPs) in the North Pacific Ocean, the authors make use of a strong relationship between winter SLP variability in the northeast Pacific and corresponding DJF Hawaii rainfall variations to reconstruct and evaluate that season's rainfall over the period 1500-2012 CE. A general drying trend, though with substantial decadal and longer-term variability, is evident, particularly during the last ~160 years. Hawaiian Islands rainfall exhibits strong modulation by El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), as well as in relation to Pacific decadal oscillation (PDO)-like variability. For significant periods of time, the reconstructed large-scale changes in the North Pacific SLP field described here and by construction the long-term decline in Hawaiian winter rainfall are broadly consistent with long-term changes in tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) based on ENSO reconstructions documented in several other studies, particularly over the last two centuries. Also noted are some rather large multidecadal fluctuations in rainfall (and hence in NNP SLP) in the eighteenth century of undetermined provenance.","author":{"name":"Henry F. Diaz, Eugene R. Wahl, Eduardo Zorita, Thomas W. Giambelluca, Jon K. Eischeid"},"citation":"Henry F. Diaz, Eugene R. Wahl, Eduardo Zorita, Thomas W. Giambelluca, Jon K. Eischeid. 2016. A Five-Century Reconstruction of Hawaiian Islands Winter Rainfall. Journal of Climate, 29(15), 5661-5674. doi: 10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0815.1","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0815.1","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-15-0815.1"},"issue":"15","journal":"Journal of Climate","pages":"5661-5674","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2016,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A Five-Century Reconstruction of Hawaiian Islands Winter Rainfall","type":"publication","volume":"29"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Other Reconstruction","pressure","Precipitation Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56496","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["18.72","23.95","-166.74","-156.15"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-156.15","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"23.95","southernmostLatitude":"18.72","westernmostLongitude":"-166.74"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Central Pacific Ocean>Hawaiian Islands","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"31159","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>precipitation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/hawaii2016precip.txt","linkText":"Hawaiian Islands 500 Year Winter Rainfall Reconstructions","urlDescription":"Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"filtered with 21 year Gaussian; combination of predictor uncertainty and calibration uncertainty; simple linear regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"filtered","cvError":"90% confidence interval lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Dec-Feb","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"filtered with 21 year Gaussian; combination of predictor uncertainty and calibration uncertainty; simple linear regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"filtered","cvError":"68% confidence interval lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Dec-Feb","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"filtered with 21 year Gaussian; simple linear regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"filtered","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Dec-Feb","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"filtered with 21 year Gaussian; combination of predictor uncertainty and calibration uncertainty; simple linear regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"filtered","cvError":"68% confidence interval upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Dec-Feb","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"filtered with 21 year Gaussian; combination of predictor uncertainty and calibration uncertainty; simple linear regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"filtered","cvError":"90% confidence interval upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Dec-Feb","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"simple linear regression","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Dec-Feb","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Dec-Feb","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"filtered with 21 year Gaussian","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":"filtered","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Dec-Feb","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"millimeter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>precipitation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/diaz2016slp.nc","linkText":"Northeast Pacific 500 Year Sea Level Pressure Reconstructions","urlDescription":"netCDF Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree north","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>latitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree east","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>longitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Dec-Feb","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"pascal","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>sea level pressure"}]}],"dataTableName":"Hawaii2016precip","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1500,"earliestYearBP":450,"earliestYearCE":1500,"mostRecentYear":2012,"mostRecentYearBP":-62,"mostRecentYearCE":2012,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Hawaiian Islands"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Hawaiian Islands 500 Year Winter Rainfall and SLP Reconstructions","studyNotes":"Reconstructions of Hawaii winter (Dec-Feb) precipitation and northeast Pacific sea-level pressure for the past 500 years.  These reconstructions utilize analogs states selected from MPI climate model using gridded California water year precipitation, southwestern N America JJA PDSI, and western N America FM surface temperature reconstructions. ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"18279"}