{"NOAAStudyId":"22198","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-06-07","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-22198.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":257,"earliestYearCE":1693,"entryId":"noaa-recon-22198","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"AGS-1102757, AGS-1304422"}],"investigators":"Wise, E.K.; Dannenberg, M.P.","mostRecentYearBP":-45,"mostRecentYearCE":1995,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22198","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Moisture delivery to western North America is closely linked to variability in the westerly storm tracks of midlatitude cyclones, which are, in turn, modified by larger-scale features such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation system. Instrumental and modeling data suggest that extratropical storm tracks may be intensifying and shifting poleward due to anthropogenic climate change, but it is difficult to separate recent trends from natural variability because of the large amount of decadal and longer variation in storm tracks and their limited instrumental record. We reconstruct cool-season, midlatitude Pacific storm-track position and intensity from 1693 to 1995 CE using existing tree-ring chronologies along with a network of newly developed chronologies from the U.S. Pacific Northwest, where small variations in storm-track position can have a major influence on hydroclimate patterns. Our results show high interannual-to-multidecadal variability in storm-track position and intensity over the past 303 years, with spectral signatures characteristic of tropical and northern Pacific influences. Comparison with reconstructions of precipitation and tropical sea surface temperature confirms the relationship between shifting drought patterns in the Pacific Northwest and storm-track variability through time and demonstrates the long-term influence of El Niño. These results allow us to place recent storm-track changes in the context of decadal and multidecadal fluctuations across the long-term record, showing that recent changes in storm-track intensity likely represent a warming-related increase amplified by natural decadal variability.","author":{"name":"Erika K. Wise and Matthew P. Dannenberg"},"citation":"Erika K. Wise and Matthew P. Dannenberg. 2017. Reconstructed storm tracks reveal three centuries of changing moisture delivery to North America. Science Advances, 3(6), e1602263. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1602263","edition":"e1602263","identifier":{"id":"10.1126/sciadv.1602263","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1602263"},"issue":"6","journal":"Science Advances","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2017,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Reconstructed storm tracks reveal three centuries of changing moisture delivery to North America","type":"publication","volume":"3"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Other Hydroclimate Reconstruction","ENSO"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"57242","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["25","75","-150","-110"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-110","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"75","southernmostLatitude":"25","westernmostLongitude":"-150"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"33313","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>atmospheric circulation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/readme-wise2017stormtrack.txt","linkText":"Reconstructed Cool-Season Storm Tracks Readme File","urlDescription":"Data Description","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>atmospheric circulation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/wise2017stormtrack.nc","linkText":"Reconstructed Cool-Season Storm Tracks","urlDescription":"netCDF Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree east","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>longitude"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between the instrumental storm track position and the CPS-predicted storm track position for each longitudinal transect.","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"verification root mean square error","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>storm variable>storm track"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"storm track latitude; assigned to the ending year of the season","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"composite plus scale","cvSeasonality":"6-month period>Oct-Mar","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree north","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>storm variable>storm track"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"storm track latitude; assigned to the ending year of the season; smoothed with a robust loess filter","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":"smoothed","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"composite plus scale","cvSeasonality":"6-month period>Oct-Mar","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree north","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>storm variable>storm track"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"Vector of storm track position (degrees N) at 124W for each year of the reconstructed time period (1693-1995), determined by fitting a straight line (using ordinary least squares regression) to the reconstructed storm track position over the region 136°W to 124°W.; assigned to the ending year of the season\"","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"composite plus scale","cvSeasonality":"6-month period>Oct-Mar","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree north","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>storm variable>storm track"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"storm track intensity; assigned to the ending year of the season","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":"composite plus scale","cvSeasonality":"6-month period>Oct-Mar","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"square meter per square second","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>storm variable>storm track"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Coefficient of Efficiency (CE) between the instrumental storm track position and the CPS-predicted storm track position (where Coefficient of Efficiency values > 0 indicate predictive skill) for each longitudinal transect.","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"verification coefficient of efficiency","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>storm variable>storm track"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Coefficient of efficiency (CE) for reconstructed storm-track intensity for each longitudinal transect.","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"verification coefficient of efficiency","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>storm variable>storm track"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Coefficient of determination (r2) between the instrumental storm track position and composite-plus-scale (CPS)-predicted storm track position for each longitudinal transect.","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"verification coefficient of determination","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>storm variable>storm track"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Coefficient of determination (r2) for reconstructed storm-track intensity for each longitudinal transect.","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"verification coefficient of determination","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>storm variable>storm track"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for reconstructed storm-track intensity for each longitudinal transect.","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"verification root mean square error","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>storm variable>storm track"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"storm track latitude","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"6-month period>Oct-Mar","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree north","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>storm variable>storm track"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"storm track intensity","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"6-month period>Oct-Mar","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"square meter per square second","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>storm variable>storm track"}]}],"dataTableName":"Wise2017StormTrack","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1693,"earliestYearBP":257,"earliestYearCE":1693,"mostRecentYear":1995,"mostRecentYearBP":-45,"mostRecentYearCE":1995,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"North America/North Pacific"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"North America/North Pacific 300 Year Reconstructed Cool-Season Storm Tracks","studyNotes":"Reconstructed cool-season (Oct-Mar) storm track position (decimal degrees N) and intensity (m^2 s^-2), based on tree-ring chronologies using a composite-plus-scale method (CPS)","version":"1.0","xmlId":"20226"}