{"NOAAStudyId":"22730","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-10-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-22730.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1054,"earliestYearCE":896,"entryId":"noaa-recon-22730","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China","fundingGrant":"2016YFA0600504"},{"fundingAgency":"National Natural Science Foundation China","fundingGrant":"41505081, 41690114, 41430531"},{"fundingAgency":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","fundingGrant":"Pioneer Hundred Talents Program"},{"fundingAgency":"European Commission","fundingGrant":"MOVE-IN Louvain Incoming Post-doctoral Fellowship"}],"investigators":"Shi, F.; Fang, K.; Xu, C.; Guo, Z.; Borgaonkar, H.P.","mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/22730","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":null,"author":{"name":"Feng Shi, Jianping Li, and Rob J. S. Wilson"},"citation":"Feng Shi, Jianping Li, and Rob J. S. Wilson. 2014. A tree-ring reconstruction of the South Asian summer monsoon index over the past millennium. Scientific Reports, 4, 6739. doi: 10.1038/srep06739","edition":"6739","identifier":{"id":"10.1038/srep06739","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/srep06739"},"issue":null,"journal":"Scientific Reports","pages":null,"pubRank":"2","pubYear":2014,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A tree-ring reconstruction of the South Asian summer monsoon index over the past millennium","type":"publication","volume":"4"},{"abstract":"Proxy-based reconstructions have indicated that the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) has shown interannual- to centennial-scale oscillations over the past millennium; however, the variability and mechanisms that operate over different timescales remain to be explicitly identified. This is firstly because of the inadequate spatial representation within previous SASM reconstructions, which is caused by the scarcity of tree-ring records from the core monsoon region. This study used eight additional Indian tree-ring width chronologies from the core region of the SASM to update the reconstructed SASM index that covers the past 1105 years. We found that the most significant interannual variability of SASM is mainly related to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) over the past few hundred years. The decadal/multidecadal oscillations show a high negative/positive correlation with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO)/Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) after the late 19th century. The centennial component of the SASM, which accounts for 19.4% of the total variance, begins to weaken from the mid-13th century and reaches a minimum in the mid-15th century. The component gradually strengthens again to reach its peak in the early 17th century, followed by a decline trend toward recent. The centennial variations agree well with historical changes in solar activity before the nineteenth century that caused changes in land-sea thermal contrast. However, the close linkage between the SASM and solar activity has weakened since the Industrial era, probably because of the enhanced influence of anthropogenic aerosol emissions.","author":{"name":"Feng Shi, Keyan Fang, Chenxi Xu, Zhengtang Guo, H.P. Borgaonkar"},"citation":"Feng Shi, Keyan Fang, Chenxi Xu, Zhengtang Guo, H.P. Borgaonkar. 2017. Interannual to centennial variability of the South Asian summer monsoon over the past millennium. Climate Dynamics, 49(7-8), 2803-2814. doi: 10.1007/s00382-016-3493-9","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1007/s00382-016-3493-9","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-016-3493-9"},"issue":"7-8","journal":"Climate Dynamics","pages":"2803-2814","pubRank":"1","pubYear":2017,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Interannual to centennial variability of the South Asian summer monsoon over the past millennium","type":"publication","volume":"49"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Monsoon","Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Patterns Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56317","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["5","22.5","35","97.5"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"97.5","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"22.5","southernmostLatitude":"5","westernmostLongitude":"35"}},"locationName":"Continent>Asia>Southern Asia","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"33873","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>atmospheric circulation","earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>precipitation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/asia/shi2017sasmi.txt","linkText":"South Asian Summer Monsoon Index Reconstruction","urlDescription":"Formatted Text Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"optimal information extraction (OIE1.0)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"4-month period>Jun-Sep","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>mode-of-variability variable>South Asian Summer Monsoon Index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"optimal information extraction (OIE1.0)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"unspecified error lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"4-month period>Jun-Sep","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>mode-of-variability variable>South Asian Summer Monsoon Index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"optimal information extraction (OIE1.0)","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"unspecified error upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"4-month period>Jun-Sep","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>mode-of-variability variable>South Asian Summer Monsoon Index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"number of tree-ring predictor samples","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"count","cvWhat":"sampling metadata>number of samples"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"4-month period>Jun-Sep","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>mode-of-variability variable>South Asian Summer Monsoon Index"}]}],"dataTableName":"Shi2017SASMI","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":896,"earliestYearBP":1054,"earliestYearCE":896,"mostRecentYear":2000,"mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"South Asia"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"South Asian Summer Monsoon Index 1105 Year Reconstruction","studyNotes":"Tree-ring based reconstruction of the South Asian Summer Monsoon Index (SASMI) for the past 1,105 years.  This is an updated version of the Shi et al. 2014 SASMI reconstruction (https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/17369), utilizing an expanded set of 23 tree-ring predictors (8 additional tree-ring series from India).","version":"1.0","xmlId":"20915"}