{"NOAAStudyId":"23130","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2017-12-05","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-23130.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":950,"earliestYearCE":1000,"entryId":"noaa-recon-23130","funding":[],"investigators":"Dätwyler, C.; Neukom, R.; Abram, N.J.; Gallant, A.J.E.; Grosjean, M.; Jacques-Coper, M.; Karoly, D.J.; Villalba, R.","mostRecentYearBP":-55,"mostRecentYearCE":2005,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/23130","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The Southern Annular Mode (SAM) is the leading mode of atmospheric interannual variability in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) extra-tropics. Here, we assess the stationarity of SAM spatial correlations with instrumental and paleoclimate proxy data for the past millennium. The instrumental period shows that temporal non-stationarities in SAM teleconnections are not consistent across the SH land areas. This suggests that the influence of the SAM index is modulated by regional effects. However, within key-regions with good proxy data coverage (South America, Tasmania, New Zealand), teleconnections are mostly stationary over the instrumental period. Using different stationarity criteria for proxy record selection, we provide new austral summer and annual mean SAM index reconstructions over the last millennium. Our summer SAM reconstructions are very robust to changes in proxy record selection and the selection of the calibration period, particularly on the multi-decadal timescale. In contrast, the weaker performance and lower agreement in the annual mean SAM reconstructions point towards changing teleconnection patterns that may be particularly important outside the summer months. Our results clearly portend that the temporal stationarity of the proxy-climate relationships should be taken into account in the design of comprehensive regional and hemispherical climate reconstructions. The summer SAM reconstructions show no significant relationship to solar, greenhouse gas and volcanic forcing, with the exception of an extremely strong negative anomaly following the AD 1257 Samalas eruption. Furthermore, reconstructed pre-industrial summer SAM trends are very similar to trends obtained by model control simulations. We find that recent trends in the summer SAM lie outside the 5-95% range of pre-industrial natural variability.","author":{"name":"Christoph Dätwyler, Raphael Neukom, Nerilie J. Abram, Ailie J.E. Gallant, Martin Grosjean, Martín Jacques-Coper, David J. Karoly, Ricardo Villalba"},"citation":"Christoph Dätwyler, Raphael Neukom, Nerilie J. Abram, Ailie J.E. Gallant, Martin Grosjean, Martín Jacques-Coper, David J. Karoly, Ricardo Villalba. 2017. Teleconnection stationarity, variability and trends of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) during the last millennium. Climate Dynamics. . doi: 10.1007/s00382-017-4015-0","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1007/s00382-017-4015-0","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-017-4015-0"},"issue":null,"journal":"Climate Dynamics","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2017,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Teleconnection stationarity, variability and trends of the Southern Annular Mode (SAM) during the last millennium","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Patterns Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"55887","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-90","-30","180","-180"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-180","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"-30","southernmostLatitude":"-90","westernmostLongitude":"180"}},"locationName":"Geographic Region>Southern Hemisphere","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"34653","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>atmospheric circulation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/datwyler2017/","linkText":"Southern Annular Mode Index Reconstructions","urlDescription":"Data Folder","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"ensemble median","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>multiple proxies","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Dec-Feb","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>mode-of-variability variable>Southern Annular Mode"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"ensemble median; 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