{"NOAAStudyId":"25050","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2018-10-09","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-25050.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":747,"earliestYearCE":1203,"entryId":"noaa-recon-25050","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"1065790, 1754430"}],"investigators":"Alfaro-Sánchez, R.; Nguyen, H.; Klesse, S.; Hudson, A.R.; Belmecheri, S.; Köse, N.; Diaz, H.F.; Monson, R.K.; Villalba, R.; Trouet, V.","mostRecentYearBP":-53,"mostRecentYearCE":2003,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/25050","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Northern Hemisphere to reconstruct the movement of the northern boundary of the early spring tropical belt over the past 800 years (1203-2003 AD). Our reconstruction explains 45% of the interannual variance in the latitudinal extent of the Hadley circulation, a metric of the position of the tropical belt boundary. We find that the tropical belt contracted (expanded) during positive (negative) phases of the El Niño Southern Oscillation and Pacific North American teleconnection patterns. The tropical belt also contracted significantly following major volcanic events that injected sulfur into the stratosphere. The longest period of persistent tropical belt expansion occurred in the late sixteenth century, during one of the coldest periods of the Little Ice Age. Our results warn of potential socio-economic consequences of future variations in tropical belt width driven by natural climate variability or stratospheric aerosol injections, whether volcanic or artificial.","author":{"name":"R. Alfaro-Sánchez, H. Nguyen, S. Klesse, A. Hudson, S. Belmecheri, N. Köse, H.F. Diaz, R.K. Monson, R. Villalba, V. Trouet"},"citation":"R. Alfaro-Sánchez, H. Nguyen, S. Klesse, A. Hudson, S. Belmecheri, N. Köse, H.F. Diaz, R.K. Monson, R. Villalba, V. Trouet. 2018 in press. Climatic and volcanic forcing of tropical belt northern boundary over the past 800 years.   Nature Geoscience, doi: 10.1038/s41561-018-0242-1","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/s41561-018-0242-1","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-018-0242-1"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature Geoscience","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2018,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Climatic and volcanic forcing of tropical belt northern boundary over the past 800 years","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Patterns Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"34252","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["0","90","-180","180"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"180","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"90","southernmostLatitude":"0","westernmostLongitude":"-180"}},"locationName":"Geographic Region>Northern Hemisphere","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"37193","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>atmospheric circulation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/alfaro-sanchez2018trop-belt.txt","linkText":"Tropical Belt Early Spring Northern Boundary Position Reconstruction","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"northern boundary of the tropical belt","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring width","cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Feb-Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree north","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>Hadley circulation index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"northern boundary of the tropical belt; error includes analytical and calibration uncertainty","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard error lower bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring width","cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Feb-Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree north","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>Hadley circulation index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"northern boundary of the tropical belt; error includes analytical and calibration uncertainty","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":"one standard error upper bound","cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring width","cvMethod":"regression analysis","cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Feb-Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree north","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>Hadley circulation index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"northern extent of Hadley circulation; Twentieth Century Reanalysis","cvDataType":"INSTRUMENTAL","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Feb-Apr","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"degree north","cvWhat":"earth system variable>circulation variable>Hadley circulation index"}]}],"dataTableName":"AlfaroSanchez2018Trop-Belt","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1203,"earliestYearBP":747,"earliestYearCE":1203,"mostRecentYear":2003,"mostRecentYearBP":-53,"mostRecentYearCE":2003,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Northern Hemisphere"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Tropical Belt 800 Year Early Spring Northern Boundary Reconstruction","studyNotes":"Tree-ring based reconstruction of the Tropical belt northern boundary position in early spring (February to April)","version":"1.0","xmlId":"23194"}