{"NOAAStudyId":"26270","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2019-05-06","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-26270.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":333,"earliestYearCE":1617,"entryId":"noaa-recon-26270","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Australian Research Council  ","fundingGrant":"CE110001028, LP150100062, CE170100023, FT140100286, FT160100029"}],"investigators":"Freund, M.B.; Henley, B.J.; Karoly, D.J.; McGregor, H.V.; Abram, N.J.; Dommenget, D.","mostRecentYearBP":-58,"mostRecentYearCE":2008,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/26270","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"El Nino events differ substantially in their spatial pattern and intensity. Canonical Eastern Pacific El Nino events have sea surface temperature anomalies that are strongest in the far eastern equatorial Pacific, whereas peak ocean warming occurs further west during Central Pacific El Nino events. The event types differ in their impacts on the location and intensity of temperature and precipitation anomalies globally. Evidence is emerging that Central Pacific El Nino events have become more common, a trend that is projected by some studies to continue with ongoing climate change. Here we identify spatial and temporal patterns in observed sea surface temperatures that distinguish the evolution of Eastern and Central Pacific El Nino events in the tropical Pacific. We show that these patterns are recorded by a network of 27 seasonally resolved coral records, which we then use to reconstruct Central and Eastern Pacific El Nino activity for the past four centuries. We find a simultaneous increase in Central Pacific events and a decrease in Eastern Pacific events since the late twentieth century that leads to a ratio of Central to Eastern Pacific events that is unusual in a multicentury context. Compared to the past four centuries, the most recent 30 year period includes fewer, but more intense, Eastern Pacific El Nino events.","author":{"name":"Mandy B. Freund, Benjamin J. Henley, David J. Karoly, Helen V. McGregor, Nerilie J. Abram, Dietmar Dommenget"},"citation":"Mandy B. Freund, Benjamin J. Henley, David J. Karoly, Helen V. McGregor, Nerilie J. Abram, Dietmar Dommenget. 2019. Higher frequency of Central Pacific El Nino events in recent decades relative to past centuries. Nature Geoscience. . doi: 10.1038/s41561-019-0353-3","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/s41561-019-0353-3","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0353-3"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature Geoscience","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2019,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Higher frequency of Central Pacific El Nino events in recent decades relative to past centuries","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Patterns Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54325","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-5","5","-170","-120"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-120","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"5","southernmostLatitude":"-5","westernmostLongitude":"-170"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Pacific Ocean>Eastern Pacific Ocean","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"39093","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>atmospheric circulation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/freund2019/freund2019enso.txt","linkText":"Nino Cold Tongue and Nino Warm Pool Index Reconstructions","urlDescription":"NOAA Template File","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Freund2019ENSO","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1617,"earliestYearBP":333,"earliestYearCE":1617,"mostRecentYear":2008,"mostRecentYearBP":-58,"mostRecentYearCE":2008,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Nino3.4"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Nino Cold Tongue and Nino Warm Pool Index 400 Year Reconstructions","studyNotes":"Seasonal reconstructions of the Nino Cold Tongue (NCT) index and the Nino Warm Pool index (NWP) using a network of tropical coral records, based on Ren and Jin 2011.","version":"1.0","xmlId":"65334"}