{"NOAAStudyId":"6244","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2003-05-08","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-6244.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":220,"earliestYearCE":1730,"entryId":"noaa-recon-6244","funding":[],"investigators":"Mann, M.E.; Gille, E.P.; Bradley, R.S.; Hughes, M.K.; Overpeck, J.T.; Keimig, F.T.; Gross, W.S.","mostRecentYearBP":-30,"mostRecentYearCE":1980,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/6244","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The recent availability of global networks of annual or seasonal resolution proxy data, combined with \r\nthe few long instrumental and historical climate records available during the past few centuries, \r\nmake it possible now to reconstruct annual and seasonal spatial patterns of temperature variation, \r\nas well as hemispheric, global-mean, and regional temperature trends, several centuries back in time.\r\n\r\nReconstructions of large-scale global or hemispheric trends during centuries past can place the instrumental \r\nassessments of climate during the 20th century in a longer term perspective, and provide more robust evidence \r\nregarding the roles of potential climate forcings over time. The reconstructed spatial patterns lead to \r\nimportant inferences regarding ENSO-scale variability, the spatial influences of climatic forcings, and the \r\nregional patterns that underlie large-scale climate variations. Here we expand upon the proxy-based annual \r\nglobal temperature pattern reconstructions described recently by Mann et al (1998). We present for the first \r\ntime, seasonally-resolved versions of the proxy-reconstructed surface temperature patterns, and diagnose the \r\nseasonal differences between key climate indices and patterns of variations. We enable the reader to interactively \r\nexamine spatial as well as temporal details (and their uncertainties) of yearly temperatures back in time for \r\nboth annual-mean and seasonal windows. Annual and seasonal time histories of reconstructed Northern Hemisphere (NH),\r\n Southern Hemisphere (SH), and global (GLB) mean temperature are made available, as are time histories of the \r\nNINO3 index describing El Nino-related variations, time histories for particular regions of interest such as \r\nNorth America and Europe, and time series for temperature variations in different (e.g. tropical and extratropical) \r\nlatitude bands. Time histories for specific gridpoints are available along with their estimated uncertainties. \r\nTime histories for the different eigenvectors (ie, the reconstructed Principal Components or \"PC\"s) are also \r\navailable, along with the raw instrumental series, which underlie the temperature pattern reconstructions. For \r\nboth the annual mean and seasonally-resolved temperature reconstructions, the reader can directly compare \r\nreconstructed patterns for different years, as well as the raw and reconstructed patterns during calibration and \r\nverification intervals, and view animated year-by-year sequences of reconstructed global temperature patterns. We \r\nalso analyze in more detail the statistical relationships between climate forcings and temperature variations, \r\ntaking into account potential lagged responses to climate forcings in empirical attribution analyses.","author":null,"citation":"Mann, M.E., E.P. Gille, R.S. Bradley, M.K. Hughes, J.T. Overpeck, F.T. Keimig and W. Gross. 2000. Global Temperature Patterns in Past Centuries: An interactive presentation. Earth Interactions, 4-4, 1-29.","edition":null,"identifier":null,"issue":null,"journal":"Earth Interactions","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2000,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Global Temperature Patterns in Past Centuries: An interactive presentation","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"22723","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["-90","90","-180","180"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"180","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"90","southernmostLatitude":"-90","westernmostLongitude":"-180"}},"locationName":"Geographic Region>Global","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"38329","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/contributions_by_author/mann2000/","linkText":"Data Folder","urlDescription":"Data Folder","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Mann2000","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1730,"earliestYearBP":220,"earliestYearCE":1730,"mostRecentYear":1980,"mostRecentYearBP":-30,"mostRecentYearCE":1980,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Global"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Mann et al. 2000 Global Temperature Patterns in Past Centuries: Interactive Presentation","studyNotes":"The data is split into three subcategories: annual, warm season and cold season.\nIn each category there is Reconstructed Data(1730-1980), \nRaw Instrumental Data- Verification(1854-1901), Calibration(1902-1993), \nand Eigenvector Filtered Raw Data(1902-1993). \nData can be found in annual grids or time series at one particular grid cell, There were 1082 grid cells available \nfor the calibration period and 219 available for the verification period. See original reference and additional reference \nfor full description of methods. ","version":"1.0","xmlId":"2498"}