{"NOAAStudyId":"6392","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2007-07-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-6392.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":185,"earliestYearCE":1765,"entryId":"noaa-recon-6392","funding":[],"investigators":"Casty, C.; Raible, C.C.; Stocker, T.F.; Wanner, H.; Luterbacher, J.","mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/6392","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Using monthly independently reconstructed gridded European fields for the 500 hPa geopotential height, temperature, and precipitation covering the last 235 years we investigate the temporal and spatial evolution of these key climate variables and assess the leading combined patterns of climate variability. Seasonal European temperatures show a positive trend mainly over the last 40 years with absolute highest values since 1766. Precipitation indicates no clear trend. Spatial correlation technique reveals that winter, spring, and autumn covariability between European temperature and precipitation is mainly influenced by advective processes, whereas during summer convection plays the dominant role. Empirical Orthogonal Function analysis is applied to the combined fields of pressure, temperature, and precipitation. The dominant patterns of climate variability for winter, spring, and autumn resemble the North Atlantic Oscillation and show a distinct positive trend during the past 40 years for winter and spring. A positive trend is also detected for summer pattern 2, which reflects an increased influence of the Azores High towards central Europe and the Mediterranean coinciding with warm and dry conditions. The question to which extent these recent trends in European climate patterns can be explained by internal variability or are a result of radiative forcing is answered using cross wavelets on an annual basis. Natural radiative forcing (solar and volcanic) has no imprint on annual European climate patterns. Connections to CO2 forcing are only detected at the margins of the wavelets where edge effects are apparent and hence one has to be cautious in a further interpretation. ","author":null,"citation":"Casty, C., C.C. Raible, T.F. Stocker, H. Wanner and J. Luterbacher. 2007. A European pattern climatology 1766-2000. Climate Dynamics, 29, 791-805. doi: 10.1007/s00382-007-0257-6.","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1007/s00382-007-0257-6","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-007-0257-6"},"issue":null,"journal":"Climate Dynamics","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2007,"reportNumber":null,"title":"A European pattern climatology 1766-2000","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Patterns Reconstruction","Air Temperature Reconstruction","Precipitation Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"56428","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["30","80","-50","40"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"40","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"80","southernmostLatitude":"30","westernmostLongitude":"-50"}},"locationName":"Geographic Region>Northern Hemisphere","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"38673","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/historical/europe/casty2007/","linkText":"Data Folder","urlDescription":"Data Folder","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Casty2007","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1765,"earliestYearBP":185,"earliestYearCE":1765,"mostRecentYear":2000,"mostRecentYearBP":-50,"mostRecentYearCE":2000,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"North Atlantic and Europe"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Casty et al. 2007 European Gridded Monthly Temp, Precip. and 500hPa Reconstructions","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"6189"}