{"NOAAStudyId":"8700","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2009-07-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-8700.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":1945,"earliestYearCE":5,"entryId":"noaa-recon-8700","funding":[],"investigators":"Kaufman, D.S.; Schneider, D.P.; McKay, N.P.; Ammann, C.M.; Bradley, R.S.; Briffa, K.R.; Miller, G.H.; Otto-Bliesner, B.L.; Overpeck, J.T.; Vinther, B.M.","mostRecentYearBP":-45,"mostRecentYearCE":1995,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/8700","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The temperature history of the first millennium C.E. is sparsely documented, especially in the Arctic. We present a synthesis of decadally resolved proxy temperature records from poleward of 60°N covering the past 2000 years, which indicates that a pervasive cooling in progress 2000 years ago continued through the Middle Ages and into the Little Ice Age. A 2000-year transient climate simulation with the Community Climate System Model shows the same temperature sensitivity to changes in insolation as does our proxy reconstruction, supporting the inference that this long-term trend was caused by the steady orbitally driven reduction in summer insolation. The cooling trend was reversed during the 20th century, with four of the five warmest decades of our 2000-year-long reconstruction occurring between 1950 and 2000. ","author":null,"citation":"Kaufman, D.S., Schneider, D.P., McKay, N.P., Ammann, C.M., \r\nBradley, R.S., Briffa K.R., Miller, G.H., Otto-Bliesner, B.L., Overpeck, J.T., Vinther, B.M., Arctic Lakes 2k Project Members (Abbott, M., Axford, Y., Bird, B., Birks, H.J.B., Bjune, A.E., Briner, J., Cook, T., Chipman, M., Francus, P., Gajewski, K., Geirsdóttir, Á., Hu, F.S., Kutchko, B., Lamoureux, S., Loso, M., MacDonald, G., Peros, M., Porinchu, D., Schiff, C., Seppä, H., Thomas, E.). 2009. Recent Warming Reverses Long-Term Arctic Cooling. Science, Vol. 325, pp. 1236-1239.\r\nDOI: 10.1126/science.1173983","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1126/science.1173983","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1173983"},"issue":null,"journal":"Science","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2009,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Recent Warming Reverses Long-Term Arctic Cooling","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Air Temperature Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54080","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["60","90","-180","180"],"type":"POLYGON"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"180","maxElevationMeters":null,"minElevationMeters":null,"northernmostLatitude":"90","southernmostLatitude":"60","westernmostLongitude":"-180"}},"locationName":"Geographic Region>Arctic","mappable":"N","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"38687","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/arctic/kaufman2009arctic.txt","linkText":"kaufman2009arctic.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/reconstructions/arctic/kaufman2009arctic.xls","linkText":"kaufman2009arctic.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"Kaufman2009","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":5,"earliestYearBP":1945,"earliestYearCE":5,"mostRecentYear":1995,"mostRecentYearBP":-45,"mostRecentYearCE":1995,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Arctic"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Kaufman et al. 2009 2,000 Year Arctic Temperature Synthesis","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"2728"}