{"NOAAStudyId":"8712","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2007-12-01","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-8712.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":901,"earliestYearCE":1049,"entryId":"noaa-recon-8712","funding":[],"investigators":"Esper, J.; Frank, D.C.; Büntgen, U.; Verstege, A.; Luterbacher, J.; Xoplaki, E.","mostRecentYearBP":-51,"mostRecentYearCE":2001,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/8712","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"Cedrus atlantica ring width data are used to reconstruct long-term changes in the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) over the past 953 years in Morocco, NW Africa. The reconstruction captures the dry conditions since the 1980s well and places this extreme period within a millennium-long context. PDSI values were above average for most of the 1450-1980 period, which let recent drought appear exceptional. However, our results also indicate that this pluvial episode of the past millennium was preceded by generally drier conditions back to 1049. Comparison of PDSI estimates with large-scale pressure field reconstructions revealed steady synoptic patterns for drought conditions over the past 350 years. The long-term changes from initially dry to pluvial to recent dry conditions are similar to PDSI trends reported from N America, and we suggest that they are related to long-term temperature changes, potentially teleconnected with ENSO variability and forced by solar irradiance changes.\r\n","author":{"name":"Jan Esper, David Frank, Ulf Büntgen, Anne Verstege, Jürg Luterbacher, and Elena Xoplaki"},"citation":"Jan Esper, David Frank, Ulf Büntgen, Anne Verstege, Jürg Luterbacher, and Elena Xoplaki. 2007. Long-term drought severity variations in Morocco. Geophysical Research Letters, 34(L17702). doi: 10.1029/2007GL030844","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1029/2007GL030844","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007GL030844"},"issue":"L17702","journal":"Geophysical Research Letters","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2007,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Long-term drought severity variations in Morocco","type":"publication","volume":"34"}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["hydrology","Palmer Drought Index Reconstruction"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"54512","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["33.4","-5.1667"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-5.1667","maxElevationMeters":"1830","minElevationMeters":"1830","northernmostLatitude":"33.4","southernmostLatitude":"33.4","westernmostLongitude":"-5.1667"}},"locationName":"Continent>Africa>Northern Africa>Morocco","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"26487","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/africa/morocco-pdsi2007.txt","linkText":"morocco-pdsi2007.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring width","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate index>Palmer Drought Severity Index"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/reconstructions/africa/morocco-pdsi2007.xls","linkText":"morocco-pdsi2007.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/speleothem/africa/wassenburg2013pdsi.txt","linkText":"Updated scPDSI, Wassenburg et al. 2013","urlDescription":"Data File","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"self-calibrating PDSI","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>physical measurement>ring width","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"dimensionless","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate index>Palmer Drought Severity Index"}]}],"dataTableName":"AtlasPDSI","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1049,"earliestYearBP":901,"earliestYearCE":1049,"mostRecentYear":2001,"mostRecentYearBP":-51,"mostRecentYearCE":2001,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Atlas Mountains IS"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"Esper et al. 2007 Morocco PDSI Reconstruction","studyNotes":null,"version":"1.0","xmlId":"2768"}