{"NOAAStudyId":"9812","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2010-11-15","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/climate-reconstruction","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-recon-9812.xml","doi":null,"earliestYearBP":169,"earliestYearCE":1781,"entryId":"noaa-recon-9812","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"OCE-0402728"},{"fundingAgency":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","fundingGrant":null}],"investigators":"Goodkin, N.F.; Hughen, K.A.; Doney, S.C.; Curry, W.B.","mostRecentYearBP":-38,"mostRecentYearCE":1988,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/9812","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"The North Atlantic Oscillation is a meridional oscillation \nof atmospheric mass measured between Iceland and the Azores, \nwhich drives winter climate variability in eastern \nNorth America and Europe. A prolonged period of the positive \nphase during the 1990s led to the suggestion that anthropogenic \nwarming was affecting the behaviour of the North Atlantic \nOscillation. However, instrumental records are too short \nto compare observations during periods of extended warm \nand cold hemispheric temperatures, and existing palaeoclimate \nreconstructions primarily capture terrestrial variability. \nHere we present a record of Sr/Ca, a sea surface temperature \nproxy, from a Bermuda coral from 1781 to 1999. We use this \nmonthly resolved record to reconstruct past variability of the \nNorth Atlantic Oscillation at multiple frequencies. Our record \nshows enhanced multidecadal scale variability during the late \ntwentieth century compared with the end of the Little Ice Age \n(1800-1850).  We suggest that variability within the North \nAtlantic Oscillation is linked to the mean temperature of the \nNorthern Hemisphere, which must be considered in any long-term \npredictions. \n","author":null,"citation":"Goodkin, N.F., K.A. Hughen, S.C. Doney, and W.B. Curry. 2008.  \nIncreased multidecadal variability of the North Atlantic \nOscillation since 1781. \nNature Geoscience, Vol. 1, pp. 844-847, December 2008. \nPublished online: 9 November 2008, doi:10.1038/ngeo352 \n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1038/ngeo352","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo352"},"issue":null,"journal":"Nature Geoscience","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2008,"reportNumber":null,"title":"Increased multidecadal variability of the North Atlantic  Oscillation since 1781","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation Patterns Reconstruction","North Atlantic Oscillation"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"20576","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["32","-64"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-64","maxElevationMeters":"-16","minElevationMeters":"-16","northernmostLatitude":"32","southernmostLatitude":"32","westernmostLongitude":"-64"}},"locationName":"Ocean>Atlantic Ocean>North Atlantic Ocean>Bermuda","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"18697","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>atmospheric circulation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/atlantic/goodkin2010nao.txt","linkText":"goodkin2010nao.txt","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"combined","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"filtered","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>mode-of-variability variable>North Atlantic Oscillation Index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"3-5yrIndex","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"filtered","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>mode-of-variability variable>North Atlantic Oscillation Index"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"20-100yr Index","cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|CORALS AND SCLEROSPONGES","cvDetail":"filtered","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"reconstruction material>element or compound ratio>strontium/calcium","cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"standard deviation unit","cvWhat":"earth system variable>mode-of-variability variable>North Atlantic Oscillation Index"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>reconstructions>atmospheric circulation"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/coral/atlantic/goodkin2010nao.xls","linkText":"goodkin2010nao.xls","urlDescription":"Coral","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"BermNAO","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1781,"earliestYearBP":169,"earliestYearCE":1781,"mostRecentYear":1988,"mostRecentYearBP":-38,"mostRecentYearCE":1988,"species":[],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Bermuda"}],"studyCode":null,"studyName":"North Atlantic Oscillation Index Coral Sr/Ca 218 Year Reconstruction","studyNotes":"North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAO) reconstruction based on  \nwinter coral strontium-to-calcium ratio, a proxy for winter SST. \nThe SST-based, multifrequency reconstruction of the NAO extends \nback to the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA). It is the first \nnon-terrestrial reconstruction showing long-term multidecadal \nbehaviour of the NAO. \n\nCoral Sr/Ca was used to reconstruct the NAO by filtering the Sr/Ca \nrecord to isolate the two frequency bands where the coral data are \ncoherent with the NAO. To evaluate this approach, the same process \nwas applied to instrumental SST and NAO data.  The 3-5 year coherence \nis 0.40 (95% significant, n effective = 124) and the 20-100 year \ncoherence is -0.47 (95% significant, n effective = 24), both with \nthe expected phase relationship. These results agree well with \nthose found for the Sr/Ca and instrumental NAO.  \n","version":"1.0","xmlId":"8744"}