{"NOAAStudyId":"11915","contactInfo":{"address":"325 Broadway, E/NE31","city":"Boulder","constraints":"Please cite original publication, online resource, dataset and publication DOIs (where available), and date accessed when using downloaded data. If there is no publication information, please cite investigator, title, online resource, and date accessed. The appearance of external links associated with a dataset does not constitute endorsement by the Department of Commerce/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration of external Web sites or the information, products or services contained therein. For other than authorized activities, the Department of Commerce/NOAA does not exercise any editorial control over the information you may find at these locations. These links are provided consistent with the stated purpose of this Department of Commerce/NOAA Web site.","country":"USA","dataCenterUrl":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data","email":"paleo@noaa.gov","fax":"303-497-6513","longName":"National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, U.S. Department of Commerce ","phone":"303-497-6280","postalCode":"80305-3328","shortName":"DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI","state":"CO","type":"CONTACT INFORMATION"},"contributionDate":"2011-07-22","dataPublisher":"NOAA","dataType":"TREE RING","dataTypeInformation":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/data-access/paleoclimatology-data/datasets/tree-ring","difMetadataLink":"http://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/metadata/published/paleo/dif/xml/noaa-tree-11915.xml","doi":"https://doi.org/10.25921/mrrh-am24","earliestYearBP":865,"earliestYearCE":1085,"entryId":"noaa-tree-11915","funding":[{"fundingAgency":"Natural Environment Research Council (NERC)","fundingGrant":"NE/B501504/1"},{"fundingAgency":"US National Science Foundation","fundingGrant":"ATM-0902279"},{"fundingAgency":"Nuffield Foundation","fundingGrant":"NAL/01107/G"},{"fundingAgency":"European Commission","fundingGrant":"017008"}],"investigators":"Bale, R.J.; Robertson, I.; Salzer, M.W.; Loader, N.J.; Leavitt, S.W.; Gagen, M.; Harlan, T.P.; McCarroll, D.","mostRecentYearBP":-55,"mostRecentYearCE":2005,"onlineResourceLink":"https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo/study/11915","originalSource":null,"publication":[{"abstract":"We present the first near millennium-length, annually resolved \r\nstable isotope record from bristlecone pines (Pinus longaeva, \r\nD.K Bailey). The carbon isotope ratios from the cellulose of \r\nseven trees from the White Mountains of California, corrected for \r\nanthropogenic changes in atmospheric chemistry, are used to\r\nreconstruct growing season (June through August) precipitation \r\nback to AD 1085. Extremely negative isotope results are strongly \r\ncorrelated with proposed severest El Niño events over the last \r\n500 yr, and similar values in the first half of the millennium \r\nare used to reconstruct a further 13 strong El Niño events, \r\nconcentrated in the 12th Century and the mid 13th and 14th \r\nCenturies. Ring-width chronologies from adjacent sites in the \r\nWhite Mountains demonstrate a high degree of decadal covariance \r\nwith the d13C series, although there are several periods of \r\nnotable divergence.\r\n","author":null,"citation":"Bale, R.J., I. Robertson, M.W. Salzer, N.J. Loader, \r\nS.W. Leavitt, M. Gagen, T.P. Harlan, and D. McCarroll. 2011.\r\nAn annually resolved bristlecone pine carbon isotope chronology \r\nfor the last millennium. \r\nQuaternary Research, Vol. 76, Issue 1, pp 22-29, July 2011. \r\ndoi:10.1016/j.yqres.2011.05.004 \r\n","edition":null,"identifier":{"id":"10.1016/j.yqres.2011.05.004","type":"doi","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2011.05.004"},"issue":null,"journal":"Quaternary Research","pages":null,"pubRank":"1","pubYear":2011,"reportNumber":null,"title":"An annually resolved bristlecone pine carbon isotope chronology  for the last millennium","type":"publication","volume":null}],"reconstruction":"Y","scienceKeywords":["Precipitation Reconstruction","drought"],"site":[{"NOAASiteId":"52299","geo":{"geoType":"Feature","geometry":{"coordinates":["37.45","-118.1667"],"type":"POINT"},"properties":{"easternmostLongitude":"-118.1667","maxElevationMeters":"3200","minElevationMeters":"3200","northernmostLatitude":"37.45","southernmostLatitude":"37.45","westernmostLongitude":"-118.1667"}},"locationName":"Continent>North America>United States Of America>California","mappable":"Y","paleoData":[{"NOAADataTableId":"20192","coreLengthMeters":null,"dataFile":[{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/isotope/northamerica/usa/california/blanco2011d13c.txt","linkText":"blanco2011d13c.txt","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"CLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS|TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":"3-month period>Jun-Aug","cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"centimeter","cvWhat":"earth system variable>hydroclimatic variable>hydroclimate rate>precipitation"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":null,"cvMethod":null,"cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"year Common Era","cvWhat":"age variable>age"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":null,"cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":null,"cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>cellulose>alpha cellulose","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"corrected to a pre-industrial atmospheric d13C base value of -6.4 per mil using simple addition, compensating for the 'anthropogenic decline' from input to the atmosphere of 13C-depleted CO2 from fossil fuel combustion and land-use change\"","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>cellulose>alpha cellulose","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"},{"cvAdditionalInfo":"\"After correction for the isotopic composition of the atmosphere, a second correction (known as the PreINdustrial or PIN correction, which represents a change in ecophysiological response to rapidly rising concentrations of CO2) was applied to the fossil fuel corrected data\"","cvDataType":"TREE RING","cvDetail":"corrected","cvError":null,"cvFormat":"Numeric","cvMaterial":"chemical composition>compound>organic compound>organooxygen compound>cellulose>alpha cellulose","cvMethod":"isotope ratio mass spectrometry","cvSeasonality":null,"cvShortName":null,"cvUnit":"per mil VPDB","cvWhat":"chemical composition>isotope>isotope ratio>delta 13C"}]},{"NOAAKeywords":["earth science>paleoclimate>tree-ring>carbon isotopes"],"fileUrl":"https://www1.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/treering/isotope/northamerica/usa/california/blanco2011d13c.xls","linkText":"blanco2011d13c.xls","urlDescription":"Data","variables":[]}],"dataTableName":"BWd13C","dataTableNotes":null,"earliestYear":1085,"earliestYearBP":865,"earliestYearCE":1085,"mostRecentYear":2005,"mostRecentYearBP":-55,"mostRecentYearCE":2005,"species":[{"commonName":["Intermountain bristlecone pine"],"scientificName":"Pinus longaeva D.K. Bailey = Pinus aristata var. longaeva","speciesCode":"PILO"}],"timeUnit":"AD"}],"siteName":"Blanco West"}],"studyCode":"IITRDB003","studyName":"White Mountains Bristlecone Pine d13C and Precipitation Reconstruction","studyNotes":"Carbon isotope data and precipitation reconstruction for the last 920 years from bristlecone pine tree rings collected in the White Mountains, California, USA. \r\n\r\nTwo corrections are applied to the raw d13C data prior to precipitation reconstruction, and the two corrected series plus the original raw d13C series are provided in the data files. \r\n \r\nThe raw d13C measurements were corrected to a pre-industrial atmospheric d13C base value of -6.4 per mil using simple\r\naddition, compensating for the 'anthropogenic decline' from input to the atmosphere of 13C-depleted CO2 from \r\nfossil fuel combustion and land-use change. After correction for the isotopic composition of the atmosphere, a second correction (known as the PreINdustrial or PIN correction, \r\nwhich represents a change in ecophysiological response to rapidly rising concentrations of CO2) was applied to the fossil fuel corrected data, producing a series used for \r\npalaeoclimate reconstruction.\r\n\r\nBlanco West tree ring site, White Mountains, California: \r\n37°27'N, 118°10'W, ~3200m elevation. \r\nIITRDB003","version":"1.0","xmlId":"10017"}